腰椎内固定中两种椎弓根钉加强技术与骨水泥的应用

背景：骨质疏松伴腰椎退行性病变行椎弓根钉固定骨质疏松的椎体后可能会出现螺钉的松动、脱落，使用固化材料强化椎弓根钉能提高治疗效果。目的：比较骨质疏松患者腰椎内固定中使用聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯骨水泥和可注射硫酸钙骨水泥加强椎弓根钉两种技巧的临床效果。方法：腰椎滑脱、腰椎失稳、严重腰椎管狭窄合并骨质疏松的患者共61例，根据治疗方式分为2组：传统聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯强化椎弓根钉组和可注射硫酸钙骨水泥强化椎弓根钉组。结果与结论：两组患者治疗操作时间、出血量、治疗前后目测类比评分、日本骨科协会评估治疗分数评分及改善率比较差异均无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯组中2例患者出现了注入的骨水泥渗漏，随访未造成新的神经损伤。聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯组患者治疗后骨密度随着随访时间的延长未出现逐渐的增强趋势；硫酸钙骨水泥组患者治疗后骨密度出现渐进性的改善，与患者治疗后日本骨科协会评估治疗分数改善率呈线性相关。两组患者未出现螺钉松动、拔出及神经功能的异常。表明与聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯相似，硫酸钙骨水泥能增加椎弓根螺钉的稳定性。

Two strengthening pedicle screw techniques and bone cement in lumbar internal fixation

BACKGROUND：Screw loosening and shedding may occur after osteoporosis associated with lumbar degenerative disease treated with pedicle screw fixation. Application of pedicle screw enhanced with cured materials can improve the therapeutic effect. OBJECTIVE：To compare the clinical effect of pedicle screws enhanced with poly（methyl methacrylate） and injectable calcium sulfate cement in the lumbar internal fixation of osteoporosis. METHODS：Sixty-one patients diagnosed with osteoporosis combined with lumbar spondylolisthesis, lumbar spinal instability, and severe lumbar spinal stenosis were col ected. Al patients were divided into two groups according to the treatment method：poly（methyl methacrylate） bone cement enhanced pedicle screw group and calcium sulfate bone cement enhanced pedicle screw group. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION：There were no significant differences in the operation time, blood loss, preoperative and postoperative visual analog scale score, Japanese Orthopedic Association scores and the Japanese Orthopedic Association score improvement rate between two groups （P〉0.05）. The results showed that two patients had bone cement leakage in poly（methyl methacrylate） group which had no neurological symptoms caused by new symptoms during fol ow-up period. The bone mineral density was not improved gradual y in poly（methyl methacrylate） group with fol ow-up time prolonging;however, in calcium sulfate group, the bone mineral density was increased significantly after treatment, and the change of bone mineral density was linearly related with Japanese Orthopaedic Association score improvement rate in calcium sulfate group. No screw loosening, pul ing out or neurological dysfunction occurred in both groups. The results indicate that like poly（methyl methacrylate）, balcium sulfate bone cement can increase the stability of pedicle screws.