后腹腔镜根治性肾癌切除术

目的　评价后腹腔镜下肾癌根治术的安全性及疗效。　方法　2002年 11月至2004年7月于后腹腔镜下行肾癌根治术 46例。男 24例,女 22例。年龄 23~86岁,平均 58岁。3例因无痛性全程肉眼血尿就诊,余 43例为B超体检发现。所有患者腹部均未触及肿物。B超检查报告肿物直径1. 5~8. 0cm,平均 4. 5cm,肿瘤位于肾上极 17例,肾中部 13例,肾下极 16例。46例均行CT检查, 41例行MRI检查,报告肿物大小均与B超相符,术前临床分期:T1N0M0 3例,T2N0M0 38例,T3aN0M0 5例。　结果　本组手术时间 60~255min,平均 145min;出血量 20 ~1000ml,平均 133ml; 32例肿瘤位于肾上极、瘤体>6cm、肿瘤与肾血管关系紧密者均行肾上腺切除。3例发生手术并发症,其中1例为生殖腺静脉损伤,出血约 1000ml转开放手术; 1例用直线切割器切右肾静脉时,误将腔静脉切割封闭了一半,但未出血; 1例为直线切割器切断肾动脉后残端喷血,用钛夹止血。病理报告:肾透明细胞癌 41例,囊性肾细胞癌 2例,嫌色细胞癌 1例,错构瘤 1例,嗜酸细胞瘤 1例。随访 1~20个月,平均 9个月, 1例因肾癌肝转移,于术后 1年死亡,其余病例仍无瘤生存。　结论　后腹腔镜下肾癌根治术安全可靠,疗效良好。

Retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy. Methods A total of 46 patients (24 males and 22 females;age range,23-86 years;mean age,58 years) underwent retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy from November 2002 to July 2004.Of the 46 cases,43 were detected by B-ultrasound during physical examination and the rest 3,when visiting doctors due to painless hematuria.The masses by B-ultrasound was on average 4.5 cm (range,1.5-8.0 cm) in diameter, with 17 masses at the upper pole of the kidney,13 at the middle and 16 at the inferior pole.CT scan was performed on all the 46 cases and MRI,on 41.The tumor size detected by CT and MRI was consistent with that by B-ultrasound.Preoperatively,3 cases had the tumors of clinical stage T 1N 0M 0,38 of T 2N 0M 0 and 5 of T 3aN 0M 0. Results The operative time was 60-255 min (mean,145 min),and blood loss was 20-1000 ml (mean,133 ml).Adrenalectomy was performed on 32 patients (70%).Complications occurred in 3 cases,of whom only 1 required conversion to open surgery due to injury of genital gland vein,with blood loss of 1000 ml.Pathology showed that 41 cases were of renal clear cell carcinoma,2 of cystic renal cell carcinoma,1 of chromophobe carcinoma,1 of hamartoma and 1 of oxyphil cell tumor.During the follow-up of 1-20 months (mean,9 months),45 patients survived;only 1 died of liver metastasis. Conclusions Retroperitoneoscopy radical nephrectomy is safe and effective.