京沪穗学龄前儿童膳食状况与偏食调查

目的了解北京、上海、广州3地学龄前儿童的膳食摄入和偏食情况,为指导合理饮食并帮助建立良好的饮食习惯提供依据。方法采用食物频率问卷(FFQ)收集北京、上海、广州3地城区各5所幼儿园共3 045名调查对象过去6个月中21种常见食物摄入状况。结果调查对象蔬菜摄入不足现象较为严重,每日平均摄入量仅为89.29 g;禽肉类每日平均摄入量为55.32 g,远高于推荐量;60.26%的学龄前儿童存在严重偏食情况,其中58.46%的男童、61.41%的女童均严重偏食,男女童严重偏食率差异有统计意义(χ²=24.625,P<0.05)。结论3地学龄前儿童蔬菜摄入不足、肉类食用过多,将导致水溶性维生素、膳食纤维摄入不足及营养过剩、超重肥胖等营养不均衡现象。

Dietary status and food preference among preschool children in Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou city

ObjectiveTo explore the preschool children's dietary status and food choice behaviors,and to provide scientific basis for helping the children to improve their eating habits.MethodsTotally 3 045 children were investigated on intakes of 21 kinds of common food over the previous 6 months with a food frequency questionnaire.ResultsThe consumption of vegetable was extremely low(89.29 g/per day averagely),while poultry meat consumption was much higher than the recommended amount.There were 58.46% of the small boys and 61.41% of the small girls having serious food preference hehavior,with a significant gender difference(χ²=24.025,P<0.05).ConclusionThere are a deficit in vegetable intake and an excess in meat consumption among preschool children in Beijing,Shanghai and Guangzhou city.The popularization of reasonable diet knowledge should be strengthened to improve dietary behavior among the preschool children.