全科医疗核心特征功能概念与内涵界定的研究思路

全科医疗(general practice)是基础保健(primary care)的核心,全科医疗的特征功能包括:首诊、可及性、连续性、综合性、协调性(核心特征功能)和以家庭为基础、以社区为导向、以病人为中心(衍生特征功能)。特征功能是全科医疗的本质功能,全科医生在提供基础医疗服务时,只有将这些功能整合在一起提供,全科医疗才能转化成高质量的健康照护。特征功能理论是基础保健理论的重要组成部分,特征功能概念的定义与内涵则是该理论的核心和基础,然而,目前已有的基础保健核心特征功能的定义与内涵之间存在着交叉重叠和边界不清。本文首先对基础保健核心特征功能的概念与内涵界定所遇到的问题进行梳理,然后对问题的原因进行探讨,最后给出基础保健特征功能的概念和内涵界定的三个原则,即可控性原则、互斥性原则和穷尽性原则。

Approach for defining and conceptualizing the core attributes of general practice

General practice is the core of primary care. The attributes of primary care includes five core attributes (first-contact, accessibility, continuity, comprehensiveness and coordination) and three derived attributes (community orientation, family base and patient-centerdness). Only if the general practitioners integrate these attributes in their daily provision of health care, may the genaral medical care be transformed into high quality health care.The conceptualization of the core attributes lays the groundwork for theories of core attributes, which is an essential part of primary care theories. However, there exists an overlapping between the existing definitions and concepts of primary health care and their boundaries are not clear. Therefore, this paper first reviews the current literature on definitions and connotations of primary care attributes, then discusses the potential problems and solutions that may emerge during conceptualization, and finally provides the three principles to define the concepts and connotations of general practice attributes, namely controllability, exclusiveness and exhaustion.