深圳市青少年自杀意念及相关因素分析

目的了解中学生自杀意念的现状，探讨自杀意念产生的原因，为自杀的早期识别和干预提供理论依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法，对深圳市14所中学4950例在校学生，使用自杀行为问卷（SBQ-R-RC）、Beck绝望量表（BHS）、Beck抑郁量表（BDI）、家庭环境量表进行调查。并对自杀意念产生的影响因素进行分析。结果深圳市青少年自杀意念发生率为34．48％，高中生自杀意念的发生率高于初中生（P〈0．001），女生高于男生（P〈0．001）。影响自杀意念的主要因素包括情感表达、矛盾性、独立性、组织性、对未来的感觉和抑郁。结论青少年自杀意念的发生率较高，特别是女生和高中生，且与社会心理因素密切相关，应当引起学校、家庭和社会的足够重视。

Suicidal ideation of adolescents and its related factors

Objective To understand the current status of the suicidal ideation on adolescents, to probe into the reasons and to provide foundation for early identification and early interferences of suicide. Methods 4 950 students in high schools of Shenzhen were evaluated with Suicide Behavior Questionnaires （SBQ-R-RC）, Beck Hopelessness Scale （BHS）, Beck Depression Inventory （BDI） and Family Environment Scale （FES-CV）. The influencing factors of suicidal ideation were analyzed. Results The rate of suicidal ideation was 34.48%, the rate of senior high school students were significantly higher than that of junior high school students; the rate of schoolgirls was higher than that of schoolboys. The related factors of suicidal ideation were expression of emotion, conflict, independence, organization, feeling of future and depression. Conclusion The suicidal ideation rate of adolescents was relatively high, and had relationship with social-psycho factors. High attention should been paid to the suicidal ideation of adolescents.