苍耳子中酚酸类化合物及不同品种和居群苍耳子中总酚酸含量的测定

目的:研究中药苍耳子(FructusXanthii)中的化学成分;测定不同居群和不同品种苍耳属植物果实中的总酚酸含量以评价其品质。方法:运用各种层析方法分离纯化化合物,以绿原酸作对照,用紫外分光光度法测定总酚酸的含量。结果:(1)从苍耳子中分离到6个咖啡酰奎宁酸类化合物,以及咖啡酸和阿魏酸;(2)从中国29个居群采集到的样品,总酚酸含量为0.31%～1.44%。在采集到2个品种及1个变种的苍耳属植物中,近无刺苍耳X.sibiricumvar.subinerme样品的总酚酸含量较其他两种都偏低。苍耳X.sibiricum样品中,从上海采集的3号苍耳子样品总酚酸含量最高,达1.44%,而从江西新建采集的12号样品含量最低,仅0.38%。结论:5O咖啡酰奎宁酸,1,4-二O咖啡酰奎宁酸和4,5二O咖啡酰奎宁酸是从苍耳属植物中首次分离获得。不同品种和不同居群苍耳子药材中,总酚酸含量的差异较为显著。若以总酚酸含量作为指标评价苍耳子药材的品质,则认为上海和福建三明产苍耳子为优质种群。

Phenolic acids in Fructus Xanthii and determination of contents of total phenolic acids in different species and populations of Xanthium in China

Objective: To study the chemical constituents of Fructus Xanthii and to determine the contents of total phenolic acids (TPA) in fruits of Xanthium from different populations for evaluating the quality of them. Methods: Components in Fructus Xanthii were isolated and purified by various column chromatographies and the contents of TPA were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry with chlorogenic acid (CHA) as reference substance. Results: Six caffeoylquinic acids along with caffeic acid and ferulic acid were isolated from Fructus Xanthii. The contents of TPA of the samples collected from 29 populations in China varied from 0.31% to 1.44%. Among the samples originated from two species and 1 variety of Xanthium, the contents of TPA in X. sibiricum var. subinerme samples with an average of 0.36% were relatively lower than those in other 2 species. While the content of TPA in Sample 3 collected from Shanghai was 1.44% and the highest among all the samples, and that in Sample 12 from Xinjian of Jiangxi Province was 0.38% and the lowest among the X. sibiricum samples. Conclusion: 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 1,4-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid were isolated from Xanthium plant for the first time. The difference of contents of TPA in samples from different species and different populations in China was relatively significant. Fructus Xanthii in Shanghai and Sanming of Fujian Province were considered high quality if contents of TPA were used as reference for quality evaluating.