陕西省燃煤污染型砷中毒流行病学调查

目的进一步证实陕南环境砷与燃煤污染型砷中毒之间的关系,查清陕南燃煤污染型砷中毒的病区范围、病情程度和受危害人口。方法用抽样调查的方法,把调查范围扩大到整个石煤产区和燃用石煤的地区。分析石煤、玉米、辣椒和头发含砷量与患病之间的关系。结果调查的8个县、区均有燃煤污染型砷中毒病区分布,病区范围与燃煤污染型氟中毒重叠。砷中毒患者总检出率达19.26%,病例以轻度为主,男性多于女性(P<0.05),年龄越大检出率越高(P<0.01)。临床主要表现为皮肤色素脱失,其次为皮肤色素沉着(P<0.01),掌跖角化的检出率仅为0.75%。石煤砷与玉米、头发砷呈正相关(P<0.05),与辣椒砷的相关性不明显。石煤砷与病例检出率之间呈相关关系(P<0.05),辣椒、头发砷与病例检出率之间相关性极为明显(P<0.01)。玉米砷与病例检出率之间的相关性不明显。结论调查的8个县、区均为燃煤污染型砷中毒病区,且为“氟砷联合中毒”病区。

Epidemiologic survey on coal-burning endemic arsenism in Shaanxi province

Objective To investigate the relation between coal-burning endemic arsenism and environmental arsenic levels and clarify arsenism distribution, severity and affected population in South Shaanxi province. Methods Sampling survey was carried out in all areas using and producing coal, and relations between arsenism and arsenic levels in coal, corn, hot pepper and hair were analyzed. Results Coal-burning endemic arsenism accompanied by fluorosis distributed in all 8 counties which were surveyed in our study. Arsenism detectable rate reached 19.26%, which was increasing with age(P < 0.01) and higher for male than for female(P < 0.05). Most of patients suffered mild arsenisms, mainly with skin depigmentation or hyperpigmentation, and the number of patients with skin depigmantation was larger than that with hyperpigmentation(P < 0.01), while only 0.75% of patients suffered hyperkeratosis. Coal arsenic level positively correlated with corn(P < 0.05) and hair arsenic levels(P < 0.05), while the correlation between coal and hot pepper arsenic levels was non-significant. Moreover, arsenism detectable rate significantly correlated with coal(P < 0.05), hot pepper(P < 0.01), and hair arsenic levels(P < 0.01), but non-significantly with corn arsenic level. Conclusions All 8 coal producing and using counties are affected by both coal-burning endemic arsenism and fluorosis.