全国71所医疗机构新生儿皮肤消毒剂使用的现况调查

目的 了解全国新生儿护理单元皮肤消毒剂的使用情况。方法 采用便利抽样的方法，于2023年4—5月采用自行设计的调查表调查全国93个新生儿护理单元皮肤消毒剂的使用情况，内容包括消毒剂类型、消毒工具、清洁与消毒次数、消毒剂待干情况、脱消毒剂情况和消毒剂引起的不良反应。结果 共纳入25个省/直辖市71所医疗机构的93个护理单元。新生儿病房中，使用最多的3种消毒剂分别是乙醇(79.57%)、碘伏(74.19%)、安尔碘(62.37%),氯己定在护理单元(<2个月龄婴儿)中的使用情况分别为禁用28个(30.11%),慎用23个(24.73%),可用9个(9.68%),无统一要求33个(35.48%)。13个(17.57%)护理单元使用乙醇时仅擦拭1次，部分护理单元对消毒剂擦拭次数未做统一规定。使用碘伏后，去除残留消毒剂情况，包括29个(42.03%)护理单元使用生理盐水，8个(11.59%)使用乙醇，19个(27.54%)未做统一规定。消毒剂的不良反应主要为皮疹、接触性皮炎，引起不良反应的消毒剂有乙醇、碘伏、安尔碘及氯己定。结论 临床实践中，新生儿皮肤消毒剂使用尚缺乏统一规范，选择和使用差...

Current status of neonatal skin disinfectant use in 71 medical institutions in China

Objective To understand the application of skin disinfectant in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) nationwide. Methods From April to May 2023, application of skin disinfectant in 93 NICUs nationwide was surveyed with convenience sampling method by a self-designed questionnaire. Questionnaire contents included types of disinfectant, disinfection tools, cleaning and disinfection frequency, disinfectant drying status, removal of disinfec-tant, and adverse reactions caused by disinfectant. Results A total of 93 nursing units in 71 medical institutions from 25 provinces/municipalities were included in this study. In NICUs, three most commonly used disinfectants were ethanol (79.57%), iodophor (74.19%), and anerdian (62.37%). In nursing units for neonates < 2 months of age, chlorhexidine was prohibited in 28 units(30.11%), used with caution in 23 units (24.73%), allowed in 9 units (9.68%), and there was no unified requirement in 33 units (35.48%). When using ethanol, staff only wiped once in 13 (17.57%) nursing units. In some nursing units, there was no unified requirements on the wiping frequency of disinfectant. As for the removal of residual iodine, saline was used in 29 (42.03%) nursing units, ethanol in 8 (11.59%), and 19 (27.54%) did not have unified requirements. The adverse reactions of disinfectant mainly included rash and contact dermatitis. Disinfectants that caused adverse reactions included ethanol, iodophor, aner-dian, and chlorhexidine. Conclusion In clinical practice, unified standards for the use of neonatal skin disinfectant remain absent. Selection and use of neonatal skin disinfectant vary considerably. Neonatal skin disinfectants have common adverse reactions. It is necessary to strengthen the training of health care workers on the standardized use of disinfectant, as well as carry out large-scale and rigorous randomized controlled trial designs to provide scientific basis for the correct selection of disinfectant.