肝脏疾病患者营养风险状况分析及对策

目的了解肝脏疾病患者营养风险状况,为制订相应的护理措施提供依据。方法采用自行设计一般资料调查表和营养风险筛查量表(nutritional risk screening 2002,NRS 2002)对肝硬化、原发性肝癌和肝移植术后复诊患者各40例,共120例患者进行调查,比较3组患者营养风险发生率的差异。结果 120例肝脏疾病患者营养风险发生率为38.3%(46/120),营养不良发生率为12.5%(15/120);肝硬化患者营养风险发生率较原发性肝癌与肝移植术后复诊患者高(χ2值分别为9.899和11.429,P值分别为0.002和0.001)。结论护理人员应关注肝脏疾病患者尤其是肝硬化患者的营养风险,采取有效措施,以改善患者的营养状况,降低患者营养风险的发生。

Nutritional risks in hospitalized patients with liver diseases and the countermeasures

Objective To investigate the nutritional risks in hospitalized patients with liver diseases and work out nursing Methods Forty patients with liver cirrhosis, 40 patients with primary liver cancer and another 40 revisiting after liver transplantation involved in the investigation with a self-designed general information questionnaire and the nutritional risk screening 2002. The three groups were compared in terms of nutritional risks. Results Among the total 120 patients, 38.3% （46/120） of them took the nutritional risk and even 12.5% （15/120） had the risk of undernourishment. The risk in the patients with liver cirrhosis was higher than that in the other two groups（ X2=9.899 and 11.4299 and P=0.002 and 0.001, respectively）. Conclusions The nursing staffs should pay attention to the nutritional status of patients with liver diseases, especially the patients with liver cirrhosis. It is necessary to take effective measures in order to improve the nutritional status of the patients to reduce the nutritional risks.