铅作业工人卫生行为干预措施研究及效果评价

目的 通过制定和实施一系列干预措施，对铅作业工人的卫生行为进行干预，并评价干预效果。方法 以某蓄电池厂铅作业工人10名为研究对象，制定和实施干预措施并对比干预前后健康知识知晓率、吸烟率、生物监测指标等的变化以评价干预措施的效果。结果 通过干预措施的制定和实施，工人健康相关知识的知晓率提高，由培训前56．6％提高到培训后97．3％。干预后12个月血铅值较干预前平均降低17．7％（t=4.10,P=0.000)，尿δ－氨基乙酰丙酸（δ－ALA）值较干预前平均降低23．9％(t=4.248,P=0.000)；职业性铅吸收和铅中毒的发生减少，血铅值2．41μmol/L以上的由6人减少到3人，1．93μmol/L以上人数由14人减少到10人。结论 开展职业健康促进，加强健康教育，改善卫生行为，是预防慢性职业性铅中毒的有效途径之一。

Evaluation of the effect of intervened measures for health behavior of lead exposed workers

OBJECTIVE: To intervene the health behavior of lead exposed workers by setting down and implementing a series of measures and evaluating the effects of these measures so that the occupational lead poisoning would be decreased. METHODS: 105 lead exposed workers in a factory were chosen as subjects. Blood lead concentration and rate of cognition on relevant health knowledge were examined before and after intervened measures. RESULTS: The cognition rate raised from 56.6% to 97.3% after training. Lead concentration in blood decreased by 17.7% (t = 4.10, P = 0.000) and delta-ALA in urine decreased by 23.9% (t = 4.248, P = 0.000) 12 months after intervention. The prevalence of occupational lead absorption and poisoning also decreased. The number of workers with blood lead content > 2.41 mumol/L was decreased from 6 to 3, and > 1.93 mumol/L from 14 to 10. CONCLUSION: To develope occupational health promotion, enhance health education and improve health behavior are the effective way to prevent from occupational lead poisoning.