Maturing thymocytes in accelerated rejection of cardiac allografts in presensitized rats.

LBNF1 cardiac allografts are rejected within 36 hr in LEW rats sensitized with BN skin grafts 7 days earlier (acute rejection in unmodified hosts = 8 days). We have studied and compared the function and migration patterns of thymocytes one day after engraftment in sensitized recipients, unmodified hosts, and normal naive rats. Thymocytes from animals experiencing accelerated rejection were more mature and functionally active, as shown by a significant elevation in percentage of OX-44+ (CD37+) cells, increased alloreactivity to BN and WF antigens, and proliferative responses to Con A and exogenous IL-2. However, the cells could neither lyse BN targets in vitro nor trigger rejection of otherwise indefinitely functioning test cardiac allografts in immunologically unresponsive T cell-deficient (B) rats after adoptive transfer. The traffic of 111In-labeled thymocytes was then evaluated. The migration index increased significantly during accelerated graft rejection, with thymocytes preferentially circulating in the blood, penetrating peripheral lymph nodes--and, interestingly, migrating back to the thymus. Thus, immunoresponsive and functionally active thymocytes, which lack the ability to recognize primed specific antigen, appear during accelerated rejection of cardiac allografts in sensitized rats. These cells migrate to the periphery, and then return in large numbers to their site of origin, the thymus. Hence, this study describes a novel behavior of thymocytes in the state of host alloreactivity that is distinct from the physiological one in otherwise normal thymus.