西藏林芝地区吸血蚂蟥的生态学调查

目的调查西藏林芝、墨脱一线山地蚂蟥生态习性及危害状况，为研究和制定防治方法提供数据。方法沿G318国道，采取“线路法”、“点线结合法“及“访问法”，同时记录调查时的地理经纬度和实时环境温度和湿度。结果与结论西藏林芝、墨脱的山地蚂蟥的种类优势种为斯里兰卡山蛭，模式亚种Haemadipsa zeylanica zeylanica（Moquin—Tandon，1826），又名斑纹山蛭，该山蛭每年的季节高峰在3—8月，尤其是6—7月。蚂蟥分布范围在通麦、墨脱一带，地理位置位于北纬29°～34°，东经95°左右，海拔高度在2000m以下的地区。活动地区环境中平均温度’22．3°C，最高温度43．9℃，最低温度13℃；平均相对湿度55．3％，最高湿度78％，最低湿度22．9％。调查地段从林芝到通麦，沿路调查点，海拔高度2052～3181m，蚂蟥在2052m的调查点通麦发现。人体诱捕蚂蟥平均指数为7．1条/15rain。

Ecological investigation of land-leeches in Nyingchi in Tibet

Objective To investigate the ecological distribution and population dynamics of land-leech Haemadipsa zey- lanica zeylanica （Moquin-Tandon, 1826） in Nyingchi （Linzhi） in Tibet for its prevention and management. Methods The adaptation of the land-leeches to temperatures and humidity, as well as their response to the human body were investigated. The ＂route-detection＂, ＂point-to-line combination＂ and ＂the visiting survey＂ were used to collect land-leeches. Results and Condusion The land-leech species in Nyingchi was identified,popularly known as ＂stripe leech＂. The seasonal population dynamics peak of this land-leech was from June to July, but it was active from March to August. In this period, the environ- ment factors were recorded ,the average temperature was 22.3°C, the highest temperature was 43.9°C, and the lowest was 13°C. The highest humidity was 78% RH, and the lowest was 22.9% RH. The leech blood-suck human body index was 7.1/15 min on average. The geographical location of this land-leech was distributed from 29°N to 34°N, the longitude was about 95°E.