伴有新月体形成的原发性IgA肾病的临床与病理分析

目的了解儿童伴有新月体形成的原发性IgA肾病的临床与病理特点.方法对29例伴新月体形成的原发性IgA肾病患儿的临床及病理资料进行分析,并依受新月体累及的肾小球比例分组比较,≥50%(A组),9例;<50%(B组),20例.结果 (1)临床方面29例均有血尿+蛋白尿,尿蛋白≥1 g/24 h 者22例(76%)和肉眼血尿86%,水肿、高血压、肾功能异常者均不及半数.A组以肾病综合征和急进性肾炎为主,持续性肉眼血尿、大量蛋白尿、高血压、肾功能衰竭均较B组明显(P<0.05).B组无症状性血尿+蛋白尿者65% .(2)病理方面新月体形成累及肾小球5%～85%, A组为52%～85%(其中新月体型IgA 肾病10%),B组5%～40%,以细胞性为主.均有系膜增生和小管-间质病变,球囊粘连易见. 两组比较A组系膜增生严重、小球硬化和小管灶状萎缩明显(P<0.05),B组球囊粘连多见(P<0.05).(3)免疫荧光均有IgA+IgM+C3沉积,合并IgG沉积者18例(62%),其中5例(17%)为"满堂亮"(A组占4例).未见一例单纯IgA沉积.结论伴有新月体形成的原发性IgA肾病临床均有血尿合并蛋白尿,以持续性肉眼血尿和大量蛋白尿为主;以弥漫性系膜增生为主要病理改变,易见球囊粘连和小管-间质病变;沉积物以IgA+IgM型或IgA+IgM+IgG型多见,部分呈"满堂亮";较一般型IgA肾病临床、病理明显加重.

Clinicopathological analysis of IgA nephropathy with crescentic formation in childhood

OBJECTIVE: To understand the clinical and pathological characteristics of IgA nephropathy (IgAN) with crescentic formation in children. METHODS: Clinicopathological data of 29 children with IgAN accompanied by crescents were analyzed.These patients were divided into two groups according to the percentage of glomeruli affected by crescents more or less than 50%, and their data were compared. RESULTS: (1) Clinical features: all the patients had hematuria and proteinuria, and macrohematuria (86%) and proteinuria were also common, protein excreted in urine was more than 1 g per day in 76% of the patients. The patients with edema, hypertension, and renal insufficiency were less than fifty percent. Nine patients in Group A (glomeruli affected by crescents > or = 50%) were crescentic IgAN. Significantly more cases in Group A had persistent macrohematuria, hypertension and renal failure than in Group B (glomeruli affected by crescents < 50%) (P < 0.05), with especially severe proteinuria (P < 0.01). It was easy to find nephritic syndrome in Group A, and asymptomatic hematuria combined with proteinuria in Group B. (2) Renal pathology: the glomeruli were affected by crescents from 5% to 85%. There were 52% to 85% in Group A, and 5% to 40% in Group B. Most crescents were cellular. All the cases had a diffuse mesangial proliferation and tubular-interstitial injury to different degree. Three cases had crescentic IgAN. Glomerulosclerosis was significantly more often seen in Group A (P < 0.05) and tuft adhesion was more frequently seen in Group B (P < 0.05). (3) Immunofluorescence: All the patients presented deposition of IgA, IgM and C3. There were 45% specimens combined with the deposition of IgG. Five cases showed 'full house' (17%), four of them were in Group A. None had IgA deposition alone. CONCLUSION: The main clinical feature of IgAN with crescentic formation were hematuria combined with proteinuria, especially persistent gross hematuria and severe proteinuria. All of them showed diffuse mesangial proliferation and tubular-interstitial injury in morphology of kidney. Most of them had tuft adhesion. The main type of immunofluorescence were IgA + IgM and IgA + IgM + IgG deposition. Some showed 'full house' phenomenon. The clinical manifestation and renal lesions of IgAN with diffuse crescentic formation were worse than IgAN with glomeruli affected by crescents < 50%.