转化医学研究新热点：微小RNA调控癌症

微小RNA(microRNA,miRNA)是一类具有调控基因表达功能的内源性非编码RNA。miRNA具有组织特异性表达，并在各类肿瘤和癌组织异常表达，参与癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭、转移、凋亡以及肿瘤干细胞成瘤能力。miRNA既具有基因治疗研发潜力，也可作为抗癌和抗肿瘤治疗靶点应用到癌症的防治。miRNA能够被癌细胞分泌到微环境和外周血，可作为新型生物标志物，研发应用于癌症的早期诊断和预后。本文对国内外miRNA基础研究和临床研发的最新进展作一综述，并客观、科学分析miRNA在调控肿瘤发生和癌转移领域的转化研究和应用前景。

A new hotspot for translational medicine research: microRNA controlling tumorigenesis

MicroRNA (miRNA) are a class of endogenous non coding RNA carrying function of regulating target gene expression. The aberrant expression of miRNA has been observed in various tumor and cancer tissues. miRNA has tissue specific expression involving in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis of cancer stem cell as well. miRNA have potential to be developed as either pharmaceutical molecules or thera peutic therapeutic for cancer treatment. In addition, miRNA have potential as biomarkers to be used for diagnosis and prognosis of cancer since miRNA can be secreted to the microenvironment and blood by cancer cells. Herein we reviewed the progress of basic research and clinical application of miRNA in the last decade in China and abroad, and discussed the prospects of translational application of miRNA in the field of tumorigenesis and cancer metastasis.