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Fecal microbiota transplantation: a promising strategy in preventing the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and improving the anti-cancer immune response |
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| Authors: | Vaihere Delaune Lorenzo A. Orci Stéphanie Lacotte Andrea Peloso Jacques Schrenzel Vladimir Lazarevic |
| Affiliation: | 1. Hepatology and Transplantation Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland;2. Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland;3. Divisions of Abdominal and Transplantation Surgery, Department of Surgery, and Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Centre, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland;4. Departments of Infectious Diseases and of Laboratory Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals and Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland;5. Genomic Research Laboratory, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland |
| Abstract: | Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has the potential to progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, limited therapies are currently available for the treatment of advanced HCC, and one must strive to search for novel strategies. Areas covered: We provide insight on current knowledge related to gut microbiota and NAFLD, summarize the sequence linking obesity to HCC and highlight gut dysbiosis in obesity and its consequences on the liver. We detail the impact of the gut microbiota on immune checkpoint inhibitors, and speculate on the role of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in NAFLD and in improving anti-neoplastic immune response. Expert Opinion: Manipulation of the gut microbiota seems promising in the secondary prevention of NAFLD/NASH and/or in potentiating anti-cancer immune response, notably by a global ‘resetting’ using FMT. However, the composition of a ‘harmful’ gut microbiome in HCC still needs to be characterized, and the impact of FMT on HCC growth needs to be assessed. |
| Keywords: | Cancer checkpoint inhibitors fecal microbiota transplantation gut microbiota hepatocellular carcinoma immunotherapy metabolic syndrome non-alcoholic fatty liver disease non-alcoholic steatohepatitis obesity |