西双版纳傣族自治州艾滋病疫情的危险因素探讨

目的 探讨西双版纳地区艾滋病性传播相关的危险因素。方法 研究人员居住在傣族村寨中，采用人类学的研究方法进行生活观察，同时开展小组访谈、个人深入访谈。结果 被研究的村寨中存在婚前性自由和离婚率高的现象，被访的15位16岁以上的男青年中，均有婚前性行为（100％）；研究人员接触到的110位成年村民中，有13位曾经离过至少一次婚。此外，男人嫖娼比较普遍。结论 西双版纳州的艾滋病疫情以性传播为主（77．2％），与其特殊的社会、文化、风俗以及地理位置有关。

Risk factors for HIV epidemic in Xishuangbanna Dai Ethnic Autonomous District of Yunnan province

Xishuangbann Autonomous District,bordering Myanmar and Thailand,is a prefecture located in the most southern areas of Yunnan province.From 1999 to the end of 2006,510 HIV/AIDS cases were reported in this prefecture,including 387 cases transmitted through heterosexual contacts,accounting for 77.2% of all the reported HIV/AIDS cases.The reported HIV/AIDS prevalence in Xishuangbanna was 4 times higher than the national figure in which the predominant mode of HIV transmission was through heterosexual contact,which was different from the mode in other areas of this country;in the latter the transmission was predominantly through injecting drug use.Objective To understand the current HIV epidemic of Xishuangbanan and explore related risk factors.Methods Anthropological studies were conducted by researchers living in villages of Dai ethnic to closely observe their live styles.Group discussions and personal interviews were simultaneously carried out with local residents.Results One of the main risk factors for HIV/AIDS epidemics in Xishuangbanna was related to local traditional customs,such as free premarital sex,high divorce rate etc.The 15 young men aged above 16 years interviewed by the researchers all admitted having premarital sex(100%);Of the 110 adults villagers contacted by the researchers,13 divorced at least one time;Commercial sex activities,involving girls from local area as well as those from neighboring countries,such as Thailand and Myanmar also played important roles.Conclusion The epidemiological features in this area could be traced down to its specific social and cultural background,traditional customs and geographical settings.