江苏地区居民膳食结构与营养状况变迁研究

目的探讨1989—2009年江苏地区居民膳食结构和健康的变化趋势。方法整群抽样方法,确定苏州、扬州、海门、金湖、沭阳、泰兴等6个调查点。用3d称重法和3d24h个人膳食回顾法调查18岁以上成人各种食物消费频率及消费量。以SAS软件对数据资料进行统计分析。结果居民植物性食物消费量下降,畜禽肉和蛋类食物的消费量显著提高。成人能量和蛋白质的摄入基本满足需要,奶类的消费量增长较快。脂肪供能比增长较快,已经超过30%的下限。居民超重和肥胖迅速上升,1989年超重及肥胖人群占14.3%,2000年占37.8%,2009年占41.1%。1989年高血压患病率男性为7.8%,女性4.8%,2009年分别达到37.6%和30.8%。结论江苏地区居民膳食结构面临部分营养素供给不足和脂肪摄取偏高,超重、肥胖和高血压疾病增多带来新的挑战,应加强对居民膳食引导和营养干预。

Study on transition of dietary pattern in Jiangsu Province

Objective To study the longitudinal transition of dietary pattern among residents in Jiangsu Province from 1989 to 2009.Methods Multistage cluster samples included Suzhou,Yangzhou,Haimen,Jinhu,Shuyang and Taixing.Dietary information among adults aged 18 and above was assessed by 3 consecutive days of 24-hour recall method and weighing method.All statistical analyses were conducted using SAS software.Results There were a decrease in the consumption of grain and a significant increase in animal foods.The intake of energy and protein met the requirements.The rapid increase in the consumption of dairy products was observed.There was also an increase in the proportion of energy intake from fat,which was over the lower limit with 30%.However,there was still a large gap from national RNI.The prevalence of overweight and obesity(BMI>24) among men increased by years: 9.4% in 1989,28.6% in 2000,34.1% in 2004,and 41.1% in 2009.In 1989,the prevalence of hypertension was only 7.8% in men and 4.8% in women,while it reached 37.6% and 30.8% respectively in 2009.Conclusion In the period of dietary transition,people in Jiangsu experienced the inadequate intake of some nutrients and high intake of dietary fat.Overweight,obesity and hypertension are increasingly prevalent during this transition,so implementation of nutrition intervention is needed.