碘造影剂过敏试验方法及结果判断标准的研究

目的：探讨碘造影剂过敏试验方法和结果判断标准.方法：将3840例用离子型碘造影剂行影像检查者,用30%泛影葡胺试验液行皮内试验,依据不同的皮试结果判断标准（3840例均按两种标准进行判断）分为对照组和实验组,比较两组阳性率的差异,对实验组皮试为阴性而对照组皮试为阳性者再行静脉试验.1086例用非离子型碘造影剂行影像检查者,取原液采用直接静脉试验法进行试验性研究.结果：离子型造影剂碘皮试结果比较两组阳性率有显著性差异（P〈0.01）,实验组皮试为阴性而对照组皮试为阳性者经静脉试验均为阴性,实验组皮试阳性者经静脉试验阳性率74.71%;非离子型碘造影剂静脉试验阳性率为2.12%.结论：离子型碘造影剂先皮试再静脉试验及非离子型碘造影剂直接静脉试验,均为最佳的试验方法;新的碘过敏试验结果判断标准明显降低假阳性率和假阴性率,其标准科学、合理.

The Research of Method to Sensitivity test on Iodic Contrast Medium and Judgement Standard to the Results

Objective: To discuss the method for hypersensitivity test on iodic contrast medium and its judgement standard to the results. Method: 3840 cases with ionic iodinated contrast namely 30% meglumine diatrizoate by skin test were divided into two groups, traditional group and experimental group according to the different judgement standard to the results, comparing its positive rates.The people who are negative in the experimental group and positive in contrast group accepted intravenous injection test. 1086 cases were examined with stock solution of non-ionic iodinated contrast by intravenous injection. Result: There is significant difference in positive rate between the two groups with ionic iodinated contrast (P <0.01), the people who are negative in the experimental group and positive in contrast group accept intravenous injection have negative results. The positive rate is 74.71% in the people who is positive in the experimental group then accepted intravenous injection. The positive rate is 2.12% among the people with non-ionic iodinated contrast. Conclusion: It is best test methods for us to get skin test then intravenous injection or direct intravenous injection test. The established lately judgement standard for iodic sensitivity test can decrease false positive rate and false negative rate,which is accurate and reasonable.