Distinctive expression profiles of Caveolin-1 and Notch-1 protein in patients with nasal polyps or sinonasal inverted papillomas

Background

Nasal polyposis (NP) and sinonasal inverted papillomas (SIP) are considered benign lesions capable of recurrence or malignant transformation although not with the same prevalence. Since fluctuations of Caveolin-1 and Notch-1 proteins expression have been reported in many pathologies, the current study aimed to investigate their involvement in the epithelial transformation observed in SIPs compared to NP.

Methods

Immunohistochemical expression of Caveolin-1 and Notch-1 proteins was assessed in 104 patients with sinonasal lesions (45 NP, 45 SIP and 14 NP with SIP), semiquantively (percentage times intensity). Proteins expression profiles were evaluated statistically for their correlation with patients demographic and clinicopathological variables (grade of dysplasia, inflammation, recurrence) as well as with markers of proliferation (Ki67) and apoptosis (7-AAD) as determined by flow cytometry analysis.

Results

SIP lesions presented increased Caveolin-1 immunopositivity compared to NP (62.2%, vs 40.9%; p?=?0.045). Cytoplasmic staining was observed only in epithelium’s basal and suprabasal layers. Caveolin-1 positivity was not related to Ki67 expression, apoptosis, inflammation or dysplasia, eventhough 81.8% of highly immunopositive lesions were dysplastic (p?=?0.03). Also, smokers presented significantly increased immunopositivy (p?=?0.03). In contrast SIP lesions presented reduced Notch-1 expression compared to NP (68.9% vs 100%; p?<?0.001). Dysplastic lesions presented low Notch-1 immunopositivity (p?<?0.001). Enhancement of Notch-1 gene expression was also associated with inflammation.

Conclusions

The herein presented data suggest that the expression profiles of Caveolin-1 and Notch-1 proteins in sinonasal pathologies are distinctive and that could be explored as potential targets for the development of alternative therapeutic approaches.