肺癌累及左心房或肺静脉根部的外科治疗

背景与目的 肺癌累及左心房或肺静脉根部属局部晚期肺癌（T4），单纯保守治疗效果不良，手术可能能提高其生存率。本观察旨在探讨这部分患者行手术治疗的可行性及价值。方法 回顾性分析1993年4月～2005年4月的46例肺癌累及左心房或肺静脉根部手术治疗的患者，均行左心房部分切除，其中左肺下叶切除术20例，左全肺切除术6例，右肺中下叶切除术12例，右肺下叶切除术3例，右全肺切除术5例；34例为肿瘤侵及肺静脉根部与心房交界处近心端，12例左心房明显受侵。其中2例同时侵及靠近肺动脉分叉处，常规无法处理肺动脉，因而在体外循环下切除全肺并同时切除部分左心房。应用COX模型及Kaplan Meier法（Log rank检验）分析生存及预后情况。结果 本组无手术死亡，术后发生并发症15例，其中：心律失常13例次，肺炎8例次、心功能不全1例次。患者总的中位生存期为35个月，1、3、5年生存率为84．2％、43．7％、30．5％，其中N0／N1的患者预后优于N0的患者，中位生存期分别为38、19个月（P=0．002）。COX分析发现：影响预后的因素为有无纵隔淋巴结转移（P=0．005），术前化疗与否及性别、年龄、病理类型对预后均无明显影响。结论 肺癌累及部分左心房或肺静脉根部进行手术治疗是可行的，无纵隔淋巴结转移者预后较好，应尽可能手术治疗。

Surgical treatment for lung cancer invading left atrium or base of pulmonary vein

Background and objective Lung cancer invading left atrium or base of pulmonary vein belongs to locally advanced lung cancer (T_4). The prognosis of treatment without surgery is poor. The aim of this study is to explore the feasibility and the value of surgical method in the treatment of this disease. Methods From April, 1993 to April, 2005, lobectomy or pneumonectomy combined with extended resection of left atrium were carried out in 46 patients with locally advanced lung cancer. The operations included left low lobectomy in 20 cases, left pneumonectomy in 6 cases, right middle and low lobectomy in 12 cases, right low lobectomy in 3 cases and right pueumonectomy in 5 cases respectively. The base of the pulmonary vein was invaded by the tumor in 34 patients, while left atriums were invaded obviously in 12 patients. Two patients were operated using extracoporeal circulation because of main pulmonary artery and left atrium being invaded. The Kaplan-Meier method (Log rank test) and a COX model were used to analyse the survival and the prognosis. Results There was no operative mortality in this series, 15 patients had operative complication, including arrhythmia in 13 cases, pneumonia in 8 cases and heart failure in 1 case. The median survival was 35 months. The 1-, 3-, 5-year survival rates were 84.2%, 43.7%, 30.5% respectively. The survival of patients with N0/1 was better than that of patients with N2 disease, the median survival of them were 38 months and 19 months respectively (P=0.002). Using a Cox model analysis, lymph node stage (N0/1 or N2) was independent prognostic factor, while preoperative chemotherapy, sex, age and the pathologic type were not independent prognostic factors. Conclusion Surgical treatment for lung cancer invading the left atrium or the base of pulmonary vein is feasible, especially for N0 patients.