Survey of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ephedra </Emphasis>resources in the Northern Areas of Pakistan and their genetic diversity |
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Authors: | Nobuko Kakiuchi Keiko Inoue Yukimasa Kurita Keisuke Ohkubo Yoshisuke Tsuda Masayuki Mikage |
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Institution: | (1) Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan;(2) International Center for Chemical Sciences, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan |
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Abstract: | More than 400 species of medicinal plants grow in the Northern Areas of Pakistan, including Ephedra plants. To investigate the wild Ephedra plant resources in the area, we surveyed the medicinal plants and collected 71 specimens from 18 collecting sites to analyze
their genetic variation. The DNA sequences of the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS 1 and 2) of nuclear ribosomal
DNA and a noncoding sequence of chloroplast DNA (trn L/F) were analyzed. This DNA data analysis and external morphological features were used to confirm the species of the specimens,
and it was found that E. intermedia was the major species in the area and that E. gerardiana and E. przewalskii were present sporadically. Although it inhabits a relatively small area in comparison with the northwestern Chinese provinces,
the DNA sequence of E. intermedia in the Northern Areas of Pakistan was significantly more heterogeneous than the same species grown in those neighboring regions.
Most of the E. intermedia specimens contained more than 0.7% ephedrine alkaloids, fulfilling the requirement of the Japanese Pharmacopoeia; thus, the
Ephedra plants in the area are a genetic and medicinal resource of great importance. |
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Keywords: | Ephedra plants The Northern Areas of Pakistan Genetic diversity Ephedrine |
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