Triterpene esters from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Uncaria rhynchophylla</Emphasis> drive potent IL-12-dependent Th1 polarization

Dendritic cells (DC) are key antigen-presenting cells that link innate and adaptive immunity and ultimately activate antigen-specific T cells. In the current study, we demonstrated that two triterpene esters, uncarinic acid C (1) and uncarinic acid D (2), which are isolated from the hooks of Uncaria rhynchophylla, activate phenotypic and cytokine production alterations in DC. We also show that 1 and 2 modulate human DC function in a fashion that favors Th1 cell polarization. The effect of 1 (E configuration at the 2′ position) was approximately 20 times more potent than that of 2 (Z configuration at 2′). These results indicated that the configuration of the 2′ double bond greatly effects activity. Thus, 1 and 2 may prove useful as DC-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy.