布鲁氏菌病疫苗研究进展

使用疫苗免疫是防控布氏菌病(简称布病)的重要措施之一,但对人群使用疫苗免疫一直存有争议,世界上主要是俄罗斯(前苏联)和中国使用19-BA疫苗和104M疫苗对布病高危人群进行免疫.对于动物布病,早期曾使用灭活疫苗进行免疫,目前主要使用S19,Rev.1,RB51,S2和M5等弱毒活疫苗,其中Rev.1和S19是预防小反刍动物和奶牛布病最有效的疫苗,其它疫苗的使用也比较广泛.初步研究表明基因工程疫苗等新型布病疫苗具有良好的应用前景,但尚未被官方认可用于人和动物的布病免疫.特对人布病疫苗和动物布病疫苗进行介绍,并对基因工程疫苗以及其它新型布病疫苗的最新研究进展进行概述.

Research progress of brucellosis vaccines

Vaccination against Brucella infections is one of the most effective measures to prevention and control the brucellosis. There exists controversy over human brucellosis vaccination, currently B. abortus 19BA vaccine and B. melitensis 104M vaccine are mainly used in Russian and China respectively to protect at-risk workers and general populations living in endemic areas. As for animal brucellosis, killed vaccines have gradually been replaced since 1930's by live attenuated vaccines, i.e. S19, Rev.1, RB51, S2, M5 and so forth, among which Rev.1 and S19 are generally recommended for small ruminants and cattle respectively, while the others are also widely used. Novel vaccines such as genetically engineered vaccines show promising application prospect but not licensed yet. Both conventional vaccines against brucellosis in animal and human and genetically engineered vaccines or other novel vaccines were reviewed in this paper.