造血干细胞移植后肺孢子菌肺炎23例临床研究

目的:分析异基因造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后肺部危重并发症-肺孢子菌肺炎（PCP）的高危因素、临床特点及预后转归。方法:回顾性收集并分析2016年1月至2021年1月在本院血液科接受HSCT后发生肺孢子菌肺炎的患者的临床特征、实验室资料、治疗及转归。结果:共纳入23例符合PCP临床诊断标准的患者，PCP中位发病时间为移植后221 d；影像CT以弥漫性磨玻璃样渗出影为主。血清β-1,3-D葡聚糖（BDG）中位数为894.25 ng/L，共有91.3%的患者大于60 ng/L；60.9%患者的淋巴细胞计数低于1×10 9/L；65.2%的CD4 +T淋巴细胞绝对值低于200/μL。21例患者在肺泡灌洗液mNGS中检测到肺孢子菌属序列，15例患者为混合感染。治疗上给予TMP-SMX抗肺孢子菌后18例患者好转出院，5例死亡。 结论:HSCT后患者并发PCP为肺部急症，进展较快，常合并混合感染，血清BDG升高对PCP诊断具有指导意义，肺泡灌洗液中二代测序（mNGS）对肺孢子菌敏感性高，及早进行肺泡灌洗，有助于早期诊治，明显降低病死率；PCP患者进展为需要机械通气及高流量吸氧提示预后不佳。

Clinical study of 23 cases with pneumocystis pneumonia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Objective:To analyze the risk factors,clinical characteristics and prognosis of the pneumocystis pneumonia(PCP) that is one of the severe pulmonary complications after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT).Methods:The clinical features,laboratory data,treatment and outcomes of patients with PCP after allo-HSCT in our hospital from January,2016 to January,2021 were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Results:Twenty three cases who met the clinical diagnostic criteria of PCP were enrolled. The median time of diagnosed as PCP after transplantation was 221 days. The computed tomography (CT) of chest indicated diffuse ground glass opacity.The median of β-1,3-D glucan consentration was 894.25 ng/L, and 91.3% of the cases were over 60 ng/L.The lymphocyte count in 60.9% cases was lower than 1×10 9/L;CD4 +T lymphocyte count in 65.2% of patients was less than 200/μL. Pneumocytis sequences of mNGS were positive in all 21 cases.15 patients were complicated with mixed infection.All patients were treated with TMP-SMX,18 patients were cured and 5 patients died. Conclusions:Patients with PCP after allo-HSCT progresses rapidly, and which is usually with multiple infections. Serum β-1,3-D glucan concentration increase contributes to the diagnosis of PCP.And mNGS in alveolar lavage fluid is highly sensitive to Pneumocystis, which helps patients get treatment in time, so as to reduce mortality.Patients with respiratory failure progressing to a need for mechanical ventilation and high flow oxygen inhalation suggest a poor prognosis.