中国成年人头面测量及分析

目的 通过中国成年人头面部尺寸测量,了解中国成年人头面部形状变化的特点,分析头面部测量项目间的关系,寻找代表性指标,为头面部产品特别是头面劳动保护用品生产提供重要依据.方法 采用<用于技术设计的人体测量基础项目>(ISO7250:1996)和<用于技术设计的人体测量基础项目>(GB/T 5703-99)定义的头面尺寸测量方法,利用卡尺、卡钳、瞳孔计等测量工具对20项头面指标和身高、体重、腰围、臀围4项人体指标进行了测量.按照年龄、性别和地区抽取中国成年人作为测量对象.通过独立样本t检验、方差分析研究性别、肥胖和地区对中国成年人头面尺寸的影响,使用相关分析和聚类分析探讨这些测量项目间的内在联系,找出可以反映头面部情况的代表性指标.结果 共测量3000名中国成年人(男2026人、女974人),男性头面尺寸明显大于女性头面尺寸,男性形态面长、面宽、下颌角宽、唇长、鼻深平均值分别为117.0、147.6、118.5、51.7、18.7 mm,女性分别为109.7、140.1、114.5、49.3、17.7 mm,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).不同出生地区者头面尺寸有明显差异,除头最大长、唇长和形态面长外,东北华北区成年人的头面尺寸均明显大于西南区.身体肥胖者头面尺寸明显大于非肥胖者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).通过聚类分析筛选了5个有代表的重要指标:形态面长、面宽、下颌角宽、唇长、鼻深.相关分析显示,该5项指标可以较好地反映头面尺寸.结论 中国成年人头面尺寸受性别、出生地、身体肥胖状况的影响;年龄对头面部尺寸的影响不明显.通过聚类分析和相关分析获得5项头面代表性指标:形态面长、面宽、下颌角宽、唇长、鼻深,建议以此指导头面产品的设计.

Measurement and analysis of human head-face dimensions

OBJECTIVE: To probe into the physical changes on the head and face of Chinese adults, find the representative indexes and provide references for head-face products design especially in the field of labor protection. METHODS: The ISO7250-1996 and GB/T5703-99 Basic Human Body Measurements for Technological Design was used. Twenty items of head-face referential parameters and 4 items of body indexes (height, weight, waist circumference and buttock circumference) were measured by using sliding caliper, spreading caliper and pupillometer. The populations were sampled by age, gender and region and their influences on the head and face dimensions were statistically analyzed. By studying the relationship between these parameters with correlation and cluster analysis, the representative indexes of head and face dimensions were concluded. RESULTS: 3000 objectives (2026 men and 974 women) were involved in this survey. The results enunciated that the values of the items in male were larger than those in female. For example, the mean values of face length, face width, jaw width, lip length and nose protrusion were 117.0, 147.6, 118.5, 51.7, 18.7 mm for male and 109.7, 140.1, 114.5, 49.3, 17.7 mm for female. The regional disparity and obesity were significant factors. The sizes of head and face of north-eastern population were significantly bigger than those of south-western population except of maximum length of head, the length of lip and face configuration length. The sizes of head and face of obesity population were significantly bigger than those of nonobesity population (P < 0.01). By the cluster analysis, five representative indexes (face length, face width, jaw width, lip length and nose protrusion) were obtained. Further correction analysis suggested that these indexes could well represent the head-face dimensions. CONCLUSION: The influence of gender, region and obesity on the head-face dimensions is significant. The age is not a significant influential factor. Five representative indexes (face length, face width, jaw width, lip length and nose protrusion) are obtained to provide foundation in the standard design of head-face products.