重视早产儿视网膜病变的防治

早产儿视网膜病变(ROP)以往被称为“晶状体后纤维增生症”,是发生于早产儿和低体重儿中的视网膜血管增生性病变。ROP是发达国家儿童首位致盲原因。随着我国医疗水平的不断提高,围产医学有了较大的发展,各种生命支持系统的逐渐改进和完善,明显提高了早产儿的存活率,随之ROP发生率也相应上升,由此导致的盲童数量也不断增多,应当引起各级医疗单位的重视。因此,有必要就不同地区ROP发生率、ROP防治情况、早产儿视网膜血管发育特征、ROP患儿的视网膜组织学改变特点、ROP的国际分类及治疗时限等情况进行分析和评述。ROP发生率从某种程度上反映了国家对新生儿重症监护的救治水平和相关医疗法规健全情况。（中华眼科杂志,2005,41：289-291）

Emphasizing the prevention and treatment for retinopathy of prematurity

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) (previously called retrolental fibroplasia), is a proliferative retinopathy of premature and low birth weight infants related with receiving oxygen therapy. ROP is the leading cause of children blindness in the developed countries. With the improvement of health level in our country, perinatal medicine has obtained much development. With the improvement of life support systems, the survival rate of premature in our country is becoming higher and the incidence of ROP is increasing accordingly. The children blindness caused by this illness is increasing, which should obtain the ophthalmologists highly attention. In this article, we discuss the data of ROP incidence in the world; the history of ROP prevention and treatment; the development of the retina, the histopathology of ROP; the international classification of ROP and the timing limit of treatment of ROP. ROP is the leading cause of children blindness in the developed countries. ROP incidence is related with the NICU's treatment and the application of relevant medical laws.