早产 SGA在1岁时体格及神经发育追赶状况研究

目的 探讨早产小于胎龄儿（ SGA）1岁时体格发育和神经发育的追赶状况，为早产儿发育提供干预依据。方法 根据早产儿出生体重和胎龄，将早产儿分为早产SGA组（35例）和早产适于胎龄儿（AGA）组（71例），随访至校正年龄12个月，比较两组早产儿身长和体重追赶差异，生长迟缓发生率及精神运动发育指标的差异。结果 校正年龄12个月时，SGA组早产儿体重低于AGA组[（9．70±1．41）kg vs （11．03±3．52）kg]，且差异有统计学意义（t＝－2．148，P＜0．05）；体重增长迟缓的发生率高于AGA组（31．4％vs 12．7％），且差异有统计学意义（χ^25．385，P＜0．05）；两组身长差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。 SGA组智能发育指数低于AGA组[（79．4±10．9）分vs （85．3±16．1）分]，且差异有统计学意义（t＝－2．409，P＜0．05）；运动发育指数较AGA组低，但差异无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论 1岁时早产SGA体重增长和智能发育指数仍较早产AGA落后，应加强出院后营养监测和早期精神运动功能训练，促进早产儿综合发育。

Study on physical growth and neurodevelopment of small for gestational age preterm infants at 1 year of age

Objective To explore the physical growth and neurodevelopment of small for gestational age preterm infants at 1 year of age, so as to provide basis for intervention on development of preterm infants .Methods Preterm infants were divided into SGA group （n=35） and AGA group （n=71） according to birth weight and gestational age , and they were followed up for one year .The difference in body weight and body length, rate of growth retardation, psychomotor development index （PDI） and mental development index （MDI） were compared between two groups.Results The body weight of infants in SGA group was lower than that in AGA group [（9.70 ±1.41）kg vs （11.03 ± 3.52）kg] and the difference was statistically significant （t=-2.148,P〈0.05）.The incidence of growth retardation in body weight of SGA group was higher than that of AGA group （31.4%vs 12.7%） and the difference was significant （χ^2=5.385,P〈0.05）, but the difference in body length was not significant （P〉0.05）.The MDI of SGA group was lower than that of AGA group [（79.4 ±10.9） vs （85.3 ±16.1）], and the difference was statistically significant （t=-2.409,P〈0.05）.However, there was no significant difference in PDI between two groups （ P 〉0.05）.Conclusion The weight growth and MDI of preterm infants with SGA are significantly delayed compared with the preterm infants with AGA .Therefore, priorities of nutritional surveillance and early intervention should be given to preterm infants with SGA .