嘉兴市学龄前儿童多动行为及感觉统合失调分析

目的 了解嘉兴市城市学龄前儿童多动行为检出率的现状及该行为与感觉统合失调之间的关系，为早期诊断和干预提供依据。方法 采用整群抽样方法选取嘉兴市城区2所省一级幼儿园大班全部儿童作为研究对象。要求每位家长填写Conner’ s家长问卷和感觉统合能力发展评定量表。结果 多动行为筛查结果，总的检出率为17．9％，其中品行障碍检出率为15．0％（31／206），学习问题检出率为17．0％（35／206），心身问题检出率为9．2％（19／206），冲动－多动检出率为16．0％（33／206），焦虑检出率为1．4％（3／206）。感觉统合失调患儿检出情况，感觉统合失调患病率为26．4％（55／206）。其中本体感觉异常率为17．5％（36／206），触觉过分防御为8．7％（18／206），学习能力问题异常率为5．8％（12／206），前庭平衡问题异常率为13．6％（28／206）。男性儿童感觉统合失调患病率及多动行为问题检出率明显高于女童。多动行为异常儿童中感觉统合失调儿童为56．8％，正常儿童中仅为20．1％，二者比较有显著性差异（χ^2＝20．82，P＜0．05）。结论 学龄前儿童多动行为异常检出率较高，是一种常见症状，应引起高度重视。建议从学龄前期开始进行筛查、诊断，对于合并感觉统合失调儿童建议早期开始训练，结合对家长进行多动儿童行为问题管理的培训，减轻入学后学习问题的严重程度。

Analysis of hyperactivity behavioral problem and sensory integration dysfunction in preschool children in Jiaxing

Objective To explore the detection rate of hyperactivity behavioral problem and its relationship with sensory integration dysfunction in preschool children in Jiaxing , so as to provide some reference for early diagnosis and intervention .Methods All the children of the senior classes in two first-grade nursery schools in Jiaxing were enrolled with clustering sampling method .The parents were asked to complete Conner’s parent symptom questionnaires （PSQ） and sensory integration schedule （SIS）.Results The total detection rate of hyperactivity behavioral problem was 17.9%, among which the detection rates of conduct behaviors , learning problem, psychosomatic problems, impulsion and hyperactivity, and anxiety problem were 15.0% （31/206）, 17.0% （35/206）, 9.2% （19/206）, 16.0%（33/206） and 1.4%（3/206）, respectively.The total prevalence rate of sensory integration dysfunction was 26.4%（55/206）, among which the prevalence rates of proprioception dysfunction , tactile perception , learning problem , and vestibule balance dysfunction were 17.5%（36/206）, 8.7% （18/206）, 5.8% （12/206） and 13.6% （28/206）, respectively.The prevalence rates of hyperactivity behavioral problem and sensory integration dysfunction in boys were obviously higher than those in girls .The prevalence rate of sensory integration dysfunction in children with hyperactivity behavioral problem was 56.8%, which was significantly higher than that in normal children （20.1%） （χ^2 =20.82,P 〈0.05）.Conclusion The detection rate of hyperactivity behavioral problem is high in preschool children, which is a common symptom and deserves great attention .It is recommended that hyperactivity behavioral problem should be screened and diagnosed from preschool age .Early training should be taken for children combined with sensory integration dysfunction and training on management of hyperactivity behavioral problem is needed for parents so as to reduce learning problem at school .