新农村留守与非留守妇女心理健康及影响因素

目的比较农村留守与非留守妇女的心理健康状况,分析其影响因素。方法 2017年5月,采取分层随机抽样的方法选取宝鸡市240名农村留守妇女和356名非留守妇女,对其心理健康状况和影响因素进行调查。结果农村留守妇女心理健康问题检出率为40.0%,而非留守妇女的检出率仅为12.9%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。宝鸡市农村留守妇女症状自评量表(SCL-90)各因子得分除偏执因子外,其余均高于非留守妇女(P<0.01)。多元线性回归分析发现,留守妇女心理健康的影响因素是文化程度(β=-0.115)、子女数量(β=-0.315)、婆媳关系(β=-0.495)和有无家庭暴力(β=0.100),均P<0.01;非留守妇女心理健康的影响因素是文化程度(β=-0.032)、婚姻状况(β=0.058)、子女数量(β=-0.167)、家庭收入(β=-119)、婆媳关系(β=-0.053)、婚姻满意度(β=0.227)和有无家庭暴力(β=0.257),均P<0.01。结论宝鸡市农村留守妇女心理健康状况比非留守妇女差;文化程度低、子女数量多、婆媳关系不好和有家庭暴力者心理健康状况堪忧。

Mental health and influencing factors among new rural left-behind and non-left-behind women

[Objective]To compare the mental health status between rural left-behind and non-left-behind women,analyze the influencing factors.[Methods] A total of 240 rural left-behind women and 356 non-left-behind women in Baoji City were selected by stratified random sampling to investigate their mental health status and its influencing factors in May 2017.[Results]The detection rate of mental health problems of rural left-behind women was 40.0%,and that of non-left-behind women was only 12.9%,the difference was statistically significant(P <0.01). The scores of each factor(except for paranoid factor)in Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90)among rural left-behind women in Baoji City were higher than those among non-left-behind women(P<0.01). Multiple linear regression analysis found that the influencing factors of left-behind woman’s mental health were education level(β=-0.115),number of children(β=-0.315),relationship with mother-in-law(β=-0.495) and the presence or absence of domestic violence(β=0.100),all P<0.01. And the influencing factors of mental health of non-left-behind women were education level(β=-0.032),marital status(β=0.058),number of children(β=-0.167),family income(β=-119),relationship with mother-in-law(β=-0.053),marital satisfaction(β=0.227),and the presence or absence of domestic violence(β=0.257),all P<0.01.[Conclusion]The mental health status of rural left-behind women in Baoji City is worse than that of non-left-behind women. The women with low educational level,large number of children,bad relationship with mother-in-law,and domestic violence have poor mental health status.