小学生学业自我效能感、完美主义与孤独感的关系

目的探讨小学生学业自我效能感、完美主义与孤独感之间的关系。方法采用中文版的FROST完美主义心理量表、学业自我效能感问卷、儿童孤独量表于2018年10月对陕西省宝鸡市4~6年级小学生进行调查。结果(1)不同性别的小学生在学业自我效能感、积极完美主义方面的差异均有统计学意义(t=2.756、4.561,均P<0.01);是否为留守儿童在学业自我效能感、积极完美主义、孤独感方面的差异有统计学意义(t=3.105、1.975、3.323,均P<0.05);不同年级的小学生在学业自我效能感、孤独感上的差异均有统计学意义(F=3.707、4.236,均P<0.05);(2)小学生学业自我效能感与积极完美主义间存在正相关(r=0.455,P<0.01),孤独感与学业自我效能感、积极完美主义均存在显著负相关(r=-0.417、-0.341,均P<0.01);(3)学业自我效能感对孤独感有显著的负向预测作用(β=-0.331,F=79.883,P<0.01),积极完美主义对孤独感均有负向预测作用(β=-0.190,F=48.067,P<0.01);(4)积极完美主义在学业自我效能感与孤独感之间起中介作用,中介效应占总效应的20.7%。结论小学生学业自我效能、积极完美主义与孤独感相关,积极完美主义在小学生学业自我效能感与孤独感中起中介作用。

The relationship between perfectionism and academic self-efficacy,loneliness in primary school students

Objective To explore the relationship between academic self-efficacy,perfectionism and loneliness in primary school students.Method The Chinese version of Frost perfectionism psychological scale,academic self-efficacy questionnaire and child loneliness scale were used to investigate pupils in grade 4-6 in baoji city,shaanxi province.Results ① There were statistically significant differences between primary school students of different genders in academic self-efficacy and positive perfectionism (t=2.756,4.561,all P<0.01).Whether the differences in academic self-efficacy,positive perfectionism and loneliness of leftbehind children are statistically significant (t=3.105,1.975,3.323,all P<0.05);The differences in academic self-efficacy and loneliness among pupils of different grades were statistically significant (F=3.707,4.236,all P<0.05).② There was a significant positive correlation between primary school students' academic self-efficacy and positive perfectionism (r =0.455,P <0.01). Loneliness was significantly negatively correlated with academic self-efficacy and positive perfectionism (r =-0.417,-0.341, P<0.01).③Academic self-efficacy had significant negative predictive effect on loneliness (Beta=-0.331,F=79.883,P< 0.01),and positive perfectionism had significant negative predictive effect on loneliness (Beta=-0.190,F= 48.067,P<0.01).④ Positive perfectionism plays a mediating role between academic self-efficacy and loneliness,and the mediating effect accounts for 20.7% of the total effect.Conclusion There are significant correlations between academic self-efficacy,positive perfectionism and loneliness among primary school students;Positive perfectionism plays a mediating role in the sense of academic self-efficacy and loneliness of primary school students.