烟台市职业健康教育对工人个人防护用品使用行为的影响

目的探讨影响工人个人防护用品(PPE)使用行为的职业健康教育措施,提高PPE使用率。方法2018年随机抽取烟台市15家用人单位进行PPE使用情况调查,然后将15家用人单位随机分为3组,分别采取职业健康知识培训、发放职业健康知识宣传单页和微信群职业健康知识宣传方式对工人进行干预,评价不同干预措施对工人PPE使用行为的影响效果。结果本次研究共发放问卷1394份,回收有效问卷1385份。职业健康教育措施干预前有718名工人能正确使用PPE,正确使用率为51.8%;干预后933名工人能正确使用PPE,正确使用率为67.4%;干预前后工人PPE正确使用率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。其中,发放职业健康知识宣传单页组工人在干预前后正确使用率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),微信群职业健康知识宣传及职业健康知识培训组干预前后正确使用率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且微信群职业健康知识宣传效果优于职业健康知识培训组。结论应当创新职业健康教育方法和内容,推动行为医学在职业健康领域应用,规范工人PPE使用,保护工人职业健康。

Effect of occupational health education on use of personal protective equipment among workers in Yantai City

Objective To explore the occupational health education measures affecting the use behavior of workers’ personal protective equipment(PPE), improve the utilization rate of personal protective equipment. Methods 15 employing units in Yantai City were randomLy selected to conduct a survey on the use of PPE in 2018. The 15 employing units were randomly divided into three groups, and the workers in three groups were respectively intervened by occupational health knowledge training, issuing occupational health knowledge leaflets and promoting the occupational health knowledge of WeChat group, to evaluate the effects of different intervention measures on the use behavior of PPE. Results A total of 1 394 questionnaires were sent out and 1 385 valid questionnaires were collected. Before the intervention of occupational health education measures, 718 workers were able to use personal protective equipment correctly, with the the correct utilization rate of 51.8%, after the intervention, 933 workers were able to use personal protective equipment correctly, with the the correct utilization rate of 67.4%, and there was a significant difference in the correct utilization rate of personal protective equipment between before and after the intervention(P <0.01). Among them, there was no significant difference in the correct utilization rate in the occupational health knowledge leaflets between before and after the intervention(P>0.05), while there were significant differences in the other two groups between before and after the intervention(P<0.05), and the effect of the WeChat group was better than that of the occupational health knowledge training group. Conclusion It is necessary to innovate the methods and contents of occupational health education and promote the application of behavioral medicine in the field of occupational health to standardize the use of personal protective equipment for workers, and protect their occupational health.