Proposed novel unified nomenclature for range of joint motion: method for measuring and recording for the ankles, feet, and toes |
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| Authors: | Hideo Doya Naoki Haraguchi Hisateru Niki Masato Takao Haruyasu Yamamoto |
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| Institution: | (1) Department of Medicine, Arthritis Centre, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada;(1) Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;(1) Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;(1) The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA;(1) Musculoskeletal Imaging, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; |
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| Abstract: | The Ad Hoc Committee of Terminology of the Japanese Society for Surgery of the Foot (JSSF) proposes novel terminology for
motion of the ankle, foot, and toe because there are some ambiguities in the current terminology. Articles were identified
by searching the electronic databases of PubMed that compared definitions of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS),
International Society of Biomechanics (ISB), and in the textbook of Kapandji as well as the American Academy of Orthopaedic
Surgeons (AAOS). A total of 11 articles described the transverse (horizontal) plane motion in the hindfoot as external rotation/internal
rotation and 10 as abduction/adduction. In all, 2 articles described the transverse (horizontal) plane motion in midfoot as
external rotation/internal rotation and 10 as abduction/adduction. Another 4 articles described the transverse (horizontal)
plane motion in the forefoot as external rotation/internal rotation and 8 as abduction/adduction. Altogether, 109 articles
described the sagittal plane motion of the foot/ankle as dorsiflexion/plantarflexion and 20 as extension/flexion. In all,
99 articles described the frontal (coronal) plane motion of the foot/ankle as inversion/eversion and 4 as supination/pronation.
Furthermore, 12 articles described the sagittal plane motion of toes as dorsiflexion/plantarflexion and 15 as extension/flexion.
Another 16 articles described the frontal (coronal) plane motion of toes as supination/pronation and 1 as inversion/eversion.
The transverse (horizontal) plane motion of the foot/ankle was defined as abduction/adduction in the hindfoot, midfoot, and
forefoot; the sagittal plane motion of the foot/ankle was defined as dorsiflexion/plantarflexion; and the frontal (coronal)
plane motion of the foot/ankle as inversion/eversion. The transverse (horizontal) plane motion of toes was defined as abduction/adduction;
the sagittal plane motion of toes was defined as extension/flexion; and the frontal (coronal) plane motion of toes was defined
as supination/pronation. |
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