Knowledge,attitudes, behavioral and organizational factors of health professions students for a competent smoking cessation practice: An instrument adaptation and psychometric validation study in Spanish and English samples |
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| Affiliation: | 1. University of Navarra, School of Nursing, Community, Maternity and Pediatric Nursing, Campus Universitario, 31008 Pamplona, Spain;2. IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Spain;3. Departament d′Infermeria de Salut Pública, Salut Mental i Materno-infantil, Escola d′Infermeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08907 Barcelona, Spain;4. Psychoneurobiology of Eating and Addictive Behaviors Group, Neurosciences Programme, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08908 Barcelona, Spain;5. CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28015 Madrid, Spain;6. Faculty of Psychology, Education and Sport Sciences, Ramon Llull University, Blanquerna, 08022 Barcelona, Spain;7. Centre for Research in Social Approaches to Health, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium;8. Erasmus Hogeschool Brussel, Departement Gezondheidszorg, Belgium;9. Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King’s College London, SE1 8WA London, United Kingdom;10. Tobacco Control Unit, Cancer Control and Prevention Program, Institut Català d′Oncologia-ICO, 08908 L′Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;11. Cancer Control and Prevention Group, Institut d′Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, 08908 L′Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain;12. Center for Biomedical Research in Respiratory Diseases (CIBER en Enfermedades Respiratorias, CIBERES), Madrid, Spain;13. Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile;14. Departament d′Infermeria Fonamental i Médico-Quirúrgica, Escola d′Infermeria, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08907 Barcelona, Spain;15. Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing (UICISA: E), Nursing School of Coimbra (ESEnfC), Portugal;p. Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy. Faculty of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, Spain;q. Health Care Research Group (GRECS), Biomedical Research Institute of Lleida, Spain;r. Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, 490 Illinois St., 7th floor, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundTo improve smoking cessation, training of health professions students is essential. However, no specific instrument is available to assess factors that may affect students' learning about smoking cessation practice.AimTo adapt and validate the Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors and Organization questionnaire in the population of undergraduate health professions students.DesignMethodological research.MethodsThe researchers conducted this study with 511 Spanish and 186 English health professions students from four different universities. We used a four-step approach: 1) adaptation of the items to the target population and validation of the content by a panel of experts; 2) a pilot study to test face validity; 3) linguistic adaptation of the Spanish version to English; and 4) the psychometric assessment based on construct validity, criterion validity and internal consistency.ResultsExploratory factor analysis revealed four subscales for the Spanish version, namely ‘Individual knowledge and skills’, ‘Individual attitudes and beliefs’, ‘Organizational support’ and ‘Organizational resources’, which accounted for 85.1% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis in the holdout Spanish and English samples revealed adequate goodness-of-fit values, supporting the factor structure. Hypotheses testing demonstrated significant differences by capacitation in smoking cessation interventions and degree courses, providing further evidence regarding construct validity. All the subscales correlated positively with the criterion variables (5 A’s smoking cessation model), except for the ‘Organizational resources’ subscale, which was not significantly correlated with the 5 A's. The overall Cronbach’s alpha was.83 for the Spanish version and.88 for the English one.ConclusionsOur results provide empirical support for the use of the Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors and Organization questionnaire for Students as a reliable and valid instrument to assess knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and organization perceptions in health professions students, which is essential for competent smoking cessation practice. Interestingly, ‘Organizational resources’ subscale presented the lowest correlations among factors and did not correlate with any component of the 5 A's, suggesting the need of enhancing students' responsibility and involvement during their internships, as well as the interest of some organizations. |
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| Keywords: | Health care services Health professions students Instrument development Quality of care Smoking cessation |
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