外泌体在多发性骨髓瘤治疗中潜在作用

目的作为细胞间信息的重要传播者,外泌体在肿瘤诊断、治疗和预后等方面起着重要作用。研究证实其相关抑制剂或者类似物等具有抗多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)的作用。本研究旨在总结国内外研究中外泌体在MM治疗中的潜在作用。方法以"外泌体、多发性骨髓瘤、治疗"为关键词,检索2004-08-2019-01PubMed和万方数据库检索系统中的文献。纳入标准:(1)外泌体的生物学功能;(2)外泌体在MM治疗中作用的研究。经筛选符合要求的文献有49篇。结果MM来源的外泌体某些成分如miRNA、蛋白质、lncRNA等与正常人之间表达存在差异,可利用其抑制剂或类似物发挥抗MM的作用,从而提供潜在治疗靶点。肿瘤来源外泌体及其加工修饰产物可作为一种新的癌症疫苗发挥抗肿瘤免疫;且外泌体的天然纳米结构使其成为药物递送的载体,可用于疾病的治疗。但目前疫苗相关研究较局限,药物载体在肿瘤治疗的应用方面研究亦甚少。结论外泌体可通过特异性表达某些成分而提供潜在治疗靶点,如其本身及其加工产物可制成疫苗,或以运载药物的形式在MM的治疗中发挥潜在作用。但目前这些研究尚处于初级阶段,外泌体应用于MM临床治疗尚需大量研究进一步证实。

Potential roles of exosomes in treatment of multiple myeloma

OBJECTIVE As an important information transmitter between cells,exosomes are demonstrated to be crucial in tumor diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.Relevant inhibitors or analogues were proved to have an anti-MM(multiple myeloma)effect.Purpose of this study was to summarize potential roles of exosomes in the treatment of MM.METHODS PubMed and WanFang have been employed to search for literature on roles of exosomes played in MM treatment.Literature from 2004 August to 2019 January were retrieved with"exosomes,multiple myeloma,treatment"as the key words.Totally 49 selected literature met the requirements.Inclusion criteria:(1)biological function of exosomes;(2)roles of exosomes play in the treatment of MM.RESULTS Expression of some components of MM-derived exosomes,such as miRNAs,proteins and lncRNAs,were different from that of normal subjects.Their inhibitors or analogues can be used to exert an anti-MM effect,provide potential therapeutic targets.Tumor-derived exosomes and their modified products can be produced into vaccines to exert anti-tumor immunity.The natural nano structure of exosomes makes them proper drug delivery tools for the treatment of diseases.However,current researches on vaccine are limited and there are few studies on the application of drug carriers in MM either.CONCLUSIONS Exosomes can play crucial roles in the treatment of MM by ways of providing potential therapeutic targets due to specifically expressing some components,being made into vaccines and delivering drugs.However,these studies are still in the preliminary stage,thus the application of exosomes in clinical treatment of MM still needs to be further confirmed by plenty of future studies.