黑龙江和甘肃省成人乙型肝炎疫苗接种现状和影响因素

目的了解成人乙型肝炎疫苗(HepB)接种率和影响因素。方法采用便利抽样法在黑龙江和甘肃省抽取4个调查点18-59岁常住人口进行问卷调查,分析HepB接种率、全程(≥3剂次)接种率及其影响因素。结果调查对象HepB接种率、全程接种率分别为55.38%(528/1051)、36.73%(386/1051)。HepB接种率和全程接种率均甘肃低于黑龙江(OR=0.37,95%CI:0.26-0.52;OR=0.31,95%CI:0.23-0.43);农民低于政府/事业单位或企业职员(OR=0.25,95%CI:0.15-0.41;OR=0.27,95%CI:0.16-0.47);家庭成员无HBV感染者高于有感染者(OR=0.56,95%CI:0.35-0.91;OR=0.42,95%CI:0.27-0.65);乙肝知识得分>10分者高于得分≤10分者(OR=2.14,95%CI:1.56-2.94;OR=1.97,95%CI:1.42-2.73)。HepB接种率还以40-49岁和50-59岁低于18-27岁(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.36-0.95;OR=0.24,95%CI:0.14-0.41);农村低于城镇(OR=0.40,95%CI:0.27-0.59)。HepB全程接种率还以初中及以下文化程度者低于大学及以上者(OR=0.46,95%CI:0.28-0.75);有医疗保险者高于无保险者(OR=2.26,95%CI:1.27-4.01)。结论成人HepB接种率和全程接种率较低。需加强成人(特别是农村、农民、文化程度较低人群)乙肝防控知识宣传,提高成人HepB接种和全程接种率。

Coverage and influencing factors of hepatitis B vaccination among adults in Heilongjiang and Gansu provinces

Objective To determine hepatitis B vaccine(HepB)coverage in adults and factors influencing coverage.Methods We used a convenience sampling method to select 18-59-year-olds in 4 settings of Heilongjiang and Gansu provinces for a questionnaire-based survey.We analyzed HepB coverage,full-series coverage(≥3 doses),and influencing factors.Results HepB coverage and full-series coverage levels among subjects were 55.38%(528/1051)and 36.73%(386/1051),respectively.Both HepB coverage and full-series coverage levels were lower in Gansu than Heilongjiang(OR=0.37,95%CI:0.26-0.52;OR=0.31,95%CI:0.23-0.43);lower in farmers than in teachers/researchers/medical staff/civil servants(OR=0.25,95%CI:0.15-0.41;OR=0.27,95%CI:0.16-0.47);lower in subjects without a household member with hepatitis B infection than in subjects with household-member infection(OR=0.56,95%CI:0.35-0.91;OR=0.42,95%CI:0.27-0.65);and higher in subjects with hepatitis B knowledge scores>10 points than in subjects with scores≤10(OR=2.14,95%CI:1.56-2.94;OR=1.97,95%CI:1.42-2.73).In addition,HepB coverage was lower in 40-49-and 50-59-year-olds than in 18-27-year-olds(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.36-0.95;OR=0.24,95%CI:0.14-0.41),and was lower in rural areas than in urban areas(OR=0.40,95%CI:0.27-0.59);HepB full-series level was lower in subjects with middle school or below education than in subjects with a university or above education level(OR=0.46,95%CI:0.28-0.75),and was higher in subjects with health insurance than in subjects without insurance(OR=2.26,95%CI:1.27-4.01).Conclusions HepB coverage and full-series coverage levels were low in adults.We should strengthen health education about hepatitis B prevention and control for adults(especially rural,farmers,and the lowlevel-education population)to increase HepB coverage and full-series coverage levels.