Synthesis,molecular structure and urease inhibitory activity of novel bis-Schiff bases of benzyl phenyl ketone: A combined theoretical and experimental approach |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Chemistry, University of Malakand, P.O. Box 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;2. Department of Chemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan;3. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt;4. Key Laboratory of Photonic and Electronic Bandgap Materials, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Normal University, Harbin 150025, China;5. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundUrease belongs to the family of amid hydrolases with two nickel atoms in their core structure. On the basis of literature survey, this research work is mainly focused on the study of bis-Schiff base derivatives of benzyl phenyl ketone nucleus.ObjectiveSynthesis of benzyl phenyl ketone based bis-Schiff bases in search of potent urease inhibitors.MethodIn the current work, bis-Schiff bases were synthesized through two steps reaction by reacting benzyl phenyl ketone with excess of hydrazine hydrate in ethanol solvent in the first step to get the desired hydrazone. In last, different substituted aromatic aldehydes were refluxed in catalytic amount of acetic acid with the desired hydrazone to obtain bis-Schiff base derivatives in tremendous yields. Using various spectroscopic techniques including FTIR, HR-ESI-MS, and 1H NMR spectroscopy were used to clarify the structures of the created bis-Schiff base derivatives.ResultsThe prepared compounds were finally screened for their in-vitro urease inhibition activity. All the synthesized derivatives (3–9) showed excellent to less inhibitory activity when compared with standard thiourea (IC50 = 21.15 ± 0.32 µM). Compounds 3 (IC50 = 22.21 ± 0.42 µM), 4 (IC50 = 26.11 ± 0.22 µM) and 6 (IC50 = 28.11 ± 0.22 µM) were found the most active urease inhibitors near to standard thiourea among the synthesized series. Similarly, compound 5 having IC50 value of 34.32 ± 0.65 µM showed significant inhibitory activity against urease enzyme. Furthermore, three compounds 7, 8, and 9 exhibited less activity with IC50 values of 45.91 ± 0.14, 47.91 ± 0.14, and 48.33 ± 0.72 µM respectively. DFT used to calculate frontier molecular orbitals including; HOMO and LUMO to indicate the charge transfer from molecule to biological transfer, and MEP map to indicate the chemically reactive zone suitable for drug action. The electron localization function (ELF), non-bonding orbitals, AIM charges are also calculated. The docking study contributed to the analysis of urease protein binding. |
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| Keywords: | Urease inhibition Structure activity relationship DFT Molecular docking |
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