Brain Activation of Unpleasant Emotions Increases Catastrophizing in Patients with Chronic Pain |
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| Affiliation: | 2. Terada Pain Clinic, Hamamatsu, Japan;3. Department of Physical Therapy, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan;2. Research informatics core, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois;3. Community Health Research, University of California Los Angeles School of Nursing, Los Angeles, California;4. University of California San Diego, San Diego, California;5. Department of Population Health Nursing Science, University of Illinois Chicago, College of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois;11. Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois Chicago, College of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois;12. College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, College of Nursing, Chicago, Illinois;9. Center for Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;2. Xiyuan Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Beijing, China;3. Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China;4. Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom;2. University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China;3. Beijing Bo''ai Hospital, China Rehabilitation Research Center, Beijing, China;4. Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, China;2. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey;3. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey;4. Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey;1. School of Nursing Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt;2. College of Nursing Washington State University, Spokane, WA USA |
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| Abstract: | BackgroundCatastrophic thinking among patients with chronic pain impairs their quality of life and increases anxiety levels. Further, severe pain causes high emotional brain sensitivity and unpleasant feelings. However, the effects of emotional changes on catastrophic thinking in patients with chronic pain remain unclear.AimsWe hypothesised that emotional brain activity during mild pain stimuli would affect catastrophic thinking in these patients. We aimed to examine the relationship between unpleasant emotional brain activation and catastrophic thinking due to pain stimuli in patients with chronic pain.DesignThis was a prospective observational study.ParticipantsWe included patients with chronic pain and healthy individuals.MethodsThe impact of emotional brain activity on catastrophic thinking was evaluated, specifically, the skin conductance response and oxygenated haemoglobin levels using near-infrared spectroscopy. After receiving three different pain stimuli, the participants were evaluated using the Numeric Rating Scale, Pain Catastrophising Scale, and McGill Pain Questionnaire.ResultsThere were 28 patients in the chronic pain group and 33 patients in the healthy group. There was no between-group difference in oxygenated haemoglobin levels during pain stimulation. The chronic pain group showed a higher Pain Catastrophising Scale score and skin conductance response than the healthy group (p < .05). In the chronic pain group, oxygenated haemoglobin levels after pain stimuli were significantly associated with the Pain Catastrophising Scale score and skin conductance response (p < .05).ConclusionsBrain activity of unpleasant emotions may influence catastrophic thinking in patients with chronic pain. |
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