Food effects on gastrointestinal physiology and drug absorption |
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| Institution: | 1. Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Labs, Astellas Pharma Inc., 180 Ozumi, Yaizu, Shizuoka, 425-0072, Japan;2. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan;3. Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan;1. Department of Toxicology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan;2. Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama, 930-0194, Japan;3. Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, 60 Nakaorui-machi, Takasaki, Gunma, 370-0033, Japan;4. School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ohu University, 31-1 Misumido, Tomita-machi, Koriyama, Fukushima, 963-8611, Japan;1. Showa Pharmaceutical University, Machida, Tokyo, 194-8543, Japan;2. School of Pharmacy, Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan;3. National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan;1. Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka, 422-8526, Japan;2. Non-Clinical Regulatory Science, Applied Research & Operations, Astellas Pharma Inc., 21, Miyukigaoka, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8585, Japan;3. Division of Drug Metabolism and Molecular Toxicology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki-Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan;4. Division of Risk Assessment, National Institute of Health Sciences, Tonomachi 3-25-26, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-9501, Japan;1. Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan;2. Integrated Frontier Research for Medical Science Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan;3. Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan;4. Department of Pharmacokinetics and Nonclinical Safety, Nippon Boehringer Ingelheim Co, Ltd, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan;5. Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-8556, Japan;6. Laboratory of Functional Organoid for Drug Discovery, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0085, Japan;7. Global Center for Medical Engineering and Informatics, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan;1. Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan;2. Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacokinetics, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan;3. Research Center for Drug Discovery and Development, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, 525-8577, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Food ingestion affects the oral absorption of many drugs in humans. In this review article, we summarize the physiological factors in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract that affect the in vivo performance of orally administered solid dosage forms in fasted and fed states in humans. In particular, we discuss the effects of food ingestion on fluid characteristics (pH, bile concentration, and volume) in the stomach and small intestine, GI transit of water and dosage forms, and microbiota. Additionally, case examples of food effects on GI physiology and subsequent changes in oral drug absorption are provided. Furthermore, the effects of food, especially fruit juices (e.g., grapefruit, orange, apple) and green tea, on transporter-mediated permeation and enzyme-catalyzed metabolism of drugs in intestinal epithelial cells are also summarized comprehensively. |
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| Keywords: | Food Beverage Gastrointestinal physiology Drug interaction Drug absorption Bioavailability |
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