前置胎盘相关危险因素分析及对妊娠的影响

目的探讨前置胎盘的相关危险因素及对妊娠结局的影响。方法将3960例孕产妇中确诊为胎盘前置的60例设为观察组,随机选取60例同期正常孕产妇为对照组,比较两组的临床资料及妊娠结局,总结前置胎盘的危险因素。结果前置胎盘60例,发病率为1.5%,其中,中央型18例（30.0%）,部分型5例（8.3%）,边缘型37例（61.7%）。年龄≥35岁、文化程度低、有流产史、有分娩史、有剖宫产史及盆腔炎症史是导致前置胎盘发病的危险因素（P〈0.05）,妊娠结局比较发现观察组低体重儿数量、早产儿的例数及1 min Apgar评分及5 min Apgar评分≤7分新生儿明显高于对照组,产妇发生胎盘植入及产后出血的危险性明显增加（P〈0.05）。结论高龄、文化程度低、产妇流产史、分娩史、剖宫产史、盆腔炎症史是导致胎盘前置的重要危险因素,前置胎盘可导致新生儿窒息,增加孕产妇胎盘植入、胎盘粘连及产后出血的发生率。

Analysis of risk factors associated with placenta previa and its effect on pregnancy

Objective To investigate risk factors associated with placenta previa and its effect on pregnancy outcome. Methods From December 2009 to December 2012, out of 3960 cases, selected 60 cases of pregnant women with placenta previa as observation group, 60 cases of normal pregnant women as control group, clinical information and pregnancy outcome of two groups were compared. Results 60 cases of placenta previa, the incidence rate was 1.5%, aged above 35 years old, low education level, history of abortion, history of childbirth, cesarean section history and the history of pelvic inflammatory disease were risk factors for onset of placenta previa（P〈0.05）, observation group and number of low birth weight children newborn 1min Apgar score ≤ 7 points, which was significantly higher than control group, occurrence of maternal placenta accreta and postpartumhemorrhage significantly increased（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Age, low education level, maternal abortion history, birth history, cesarean section history, pelvic inflammatory disease history are important risk factors for placenta previa, which can lead to asphyxia, increase rate of maternal placenta accreta, placenta adhesions and postpartum hemorrhage.