Studies on anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of betel nut in rodents |
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Authors: | Khan Shagufta Mehmood Malik Hassan Ali Anita Naushir Akbar Ahmed Fahad Shabbir Dar Ahsana Gilani Anwarul-Hassan |
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Affiliation: | a Natural Product Research Division, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, the Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi 74800, Pakistan b Jinnah Medical and Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan c Pharmacology Section, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan d The current address: Department of Anesthesiology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W Markham St., Little rock, AR 72205, USA |
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Abstract: | Ethnopharmacological relevanceAreca catechu, commonly known as betel nut, is very famous for its medicinal use in multiple disorders. It is also popular as a remedy against inflammatory disorders in the Unani (Greco-Arab) system of medicine.Objective of the studyThis study was aimed at investigating the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of the crude extract of Areca catechu and its respective fractions.Materials and methodsPaw edema, formalin-induced nociception and acetic acid-induced writhing assays were carried out in vivo. Free radical scavenging activity of the plant extract was performed in vitro.ResultsPreliminary experiments using a single dose (100 mg/kg) of Areca catechu and its respective fractions demonstrated an anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenan-induced edema in mice and rats, the aqueous fraction being distinctly more effective. When studied on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), arachidonic acid, histamine, or serotonin (5HT)-induced edema in rats, Areca catechu and its aqueous fraction markedly repressed only the PGE2 and arachidonic acid-induced inflammation. When studied for analgesic activity, the crude extract and its aqueous fraction produced a dose-dependent (10-100 mg/kg) inhibitory effect on formalin-induced nociception in mice and acetic acid-induced writhing in rats, similar to aspirin. In DPPH assay, Areca catechu and its aqueous fraction exhibited free radical scavenging activity with respective IC50 values of 5.34 μg/ml (4.93-5.78, CI; 95%, n = 5) and 7.28 μg/ml (6.04-7.95, n = 4), like that of rutin with IC50 value of 4.75 μg/ml (3.89-5.42, n = 4).ConclusionThese results indicate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of Areca catechu and provide a rationale for its medicinal use in inflammatory disorders. |
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Keywords: | Betel nut Anti-inflammatory Analgesic Cyclooxygenase inhibitor Lipoxygenase inhibitor Anti-oxidant |
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