中药注射剂不良反应及临床合理用药

我国中药注射剂（traditional Chinese medicine injection,CMI）的不良反应涉及国家批准的109个品种。主要不良反应（ADR）包括全身过敏反应、过敏性休克、急性血管内溶血、肝肾功能损害、皮肤损害、心功能损害、呼吸系统损害、胃肠道反应等。引起药物ADR的因素包括：医务工作者对CMIADR重视度不够、中药注射液成分复杂、过敏反应物质不确定、患者特殊体质,尤以儿童和老年人不合理用药现象较重。因此,应从合理选择药物适应症、把握用药方法、避免加大药物浓度、不能随意增加用药剂量和改变用药途径、选择合适的溶媒等方面加强CMI的临床合理使用,减少ADR发生。

Avoiding Adverse Drug Reactions to Chinese Medicine Injections

A total of 109 varieties of Chinese medicine injections have been approved by the State Food and Drug Administration of China,all of which have the potential to induce adverse drug reactions(ADRs).Major ADRs include systemic anaphylaxis,anaphylactic shock,acute intravascular hemolysis,hepatorenal damage,skin lesion,cardiac damage,respiratory system injury,and gastrointestinal disorders.Contributing factors of ADRs include healthcare workers' inadequate attention to ADRs of Chinese medicine injections,comple...