1621例急重性精神分裂症患者医院感染危险因素的调查分析

目的调查急重性精神分裂症患者发生医院感染的独立危险因素及影响程度。方法 2012年1月1日-12月31日按照医院感染诊断标准对1 621例住院精神分裂症患者就医院感染情况进行调查,根据调查结果分为医院感染组和非医院感染组,对可能的危险因素进行logistic回归分析。结果发生医院感染29例,感染率1.79%,其中以呼吸道感染为主（79.31%）,胃肠道与泌尿道感染次之（6.90%）;两组患者的年龄、住院时间、阳性和阴性症状评分（PANSS）、是否合并躯体疾病、保护性约束时间、改良电休克治疗（MECT）、使用2种及以上抗精神病药物、使用抗菌药物、药物副反应评分等差异具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,两组患者的性别、年龄段、病程、住院次数、住院季节比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。多因素分析结果发现住院时间、PANSS阳性症状、PANSS阴性症状、保护性约束时间、MECT、使用2种及以上抗精神病药物、药物副反应评分是发生医院感染的独立危险因素（P〈0.05）。结论根据急重性精神疾病的特点与不同治疗方式,应建立筛选表格,对医院感染的高危患者实施综合目标监测,以降低医院感染风险。

Investigation and Analysis on the Nosocomial Infection in 1621 Hospitalized Patients with Acute and Serious Schizophrenia

Objective To investigate the incidence of nosocomial infection in acute and serious schizophrenic inpatients and its risk factors. Methods Between January 1st and December 31 st, 2012, we investigated 1 621 schizophrenic patients on the status of nosocomial infections according to the hospital standard of nosocomial infection diagnosis. They were divided into infected group and uninfected group according to the survey results. The risk factors were analyzed by logistic regression method. Results Twenty-nine infected patients were found among the 1 621 patients, and the incidence rate was 1.79%. Among the nosocomial infections, the most common one was respiratory infection（79.31%）, followed by gastrointestinal infection and urinary infection（6.90%）. There were significant differences between the two groups of patients in age, hospital stay, positive and negative syndrome scale（PASS）, combined somatopathy, the time of protective constraint, modified electraconvulsive therapy（MECT）, using two or more antipsychotics drugs, using antibiotics and side effects of drugs（P 〈 0.05）. However, there were no statistical differences in gender, age classes, the course of disease, frequency of hospitalization and seasonal incidence of hospital infection（P 〉 0.05）. The results of multivariate analysis showed that hospital stay, positive symptom score, negative symptom score, the time of protective constraint, MECT, using two or more antipsychotics drugs and side effects of drugs were the main risk factors for nosocomial infection of inpatients with psychopathy（P 〈 0.05）. Conclusions Based on the different traits and treatments of acute and serious schizophrenia, a screening table of infections should be set. For the high risk group of nosocomial infection, effective measures should be taken to prevent and control the nosocomial infection of patients with schizophrenia.