翼点入路颈内动脉上间隙穿通动脉显微解剖研究

目的 通过解剖及观察翼点入路中颈内动脉上间隙穿通动脉的形态与行程,为临床对该间隙的手术使用提供依据.方法 在显微镜下解剖12具(24侧)已灌注的尸头,观察颈内动脉上间隙中穿通动脉的直径、走行和在前穿质的分布情况.结果 所有穿通动脉均在朝向脑组织的一侧.8侧颈内动脉分叉部存在穿通动脉.11侧大脑中动脉存在内侧豆纹动脉,行程短,进入前穿质时与其他穿通动脉存在重叠;4侧内侧豆纹动脉与A1段穿通动脉间存在吻合现象.24侧大脑中动脉恒定出现中间豆纹动脉以及外侧豆纹动脉.豆纹动脉绝大部分从大脑中动脉M1段的分叉前段发出,但是大脑中动脉M1段的分叉越早,分叉后发出的穿通动脉越多.22侧半球存在大脑前动脉A1段的穿通动脉,进入前穿质时分支较多.当一支主干动脉上存在的穿通动脉较少时,穿通动脉直径则较大.结论 颈内动脉上间隙可作为一个手术间隙,部分病例可以通过主动离断部分内侧豆纹动脉及A1穿通支从而在该间隙取得一个较大的空间.

Microsurgical anatomy of the perforating arteries in the superior space of the internal carotid artery through a pterional approach

Objective To study the microanatomy of the perforating arteries in the superior space of the internal carotid artery visualized through a pterional approach. Methods Twelve (24 sides) perfused cadaver heads were dissected via the pterional approach, and the perforating arteries in the superior space of the internal carotid artery were studied under microscope. The diameter, course and distribution in the anterior perforated substance of the perforating arteries were recorded. Results All the perforating arteries exposed lied on the side of the brain tissue. The carotid bifurcation on 8 sides had perforating arteries, and 11 sides showed medial lenticulostriate artery of the middle cerebral arteries, with short course and overlapped with another perforating arteries upon entry into the anterior perforated substance. On 4 sides, the medial lenticulostriate artery coincided with the perforating arteries in A1. All 24 sides showed middle lenticulostriate artery and lateral lenticulostriate artery of the middle cerebral arteries. Most of the lenticulostriate arteries originated from the anterior segment of the bifurcation of the middle cerebral arteries. The earlier bifurcation occurred in M1 of the middle cerebral arteries, the more perforating arteries originated. On 22 sides, the anterior cerebral arteries had perforating arteries with many branches, and fewer perforating arteries in a main artery were associated with greater diameter of them. Conclusion The superior space of the internal carotid artery allows a space for operation, and in some cases, part of the medial leticulostriate arteries and A1 perforating arteries can be severed to obtain larger space for the operation.