自身免疫性脑炎的MRI研究进展

自身免疫性脑炎（AE）是一组由抗神经元抗体导致的炎性脑病,炎症进程可以发生在大脑边缘系统等多个脑区。在常规MRI上常表现为T₂WI及T₂-FLAIR高信号,并有扩散受限,但仍有部分AE常规MRI表现为阴性;而高级MRI技术包括结构和功能MRI,可以利用基于体素的形态学分析（VBM）、基于表面的形态学分析（SBM）、扩散张量成像（DTI）及静息态功能连接（FC）、低频振幅（ALFF）、脑网络和任务态功能MRI（fMRI）等方法从多角度研究AE脑结构及功能改变,有助于探索疾病潜在的神经病理机制。就AE的常规MRI表现及高级MRI研究进展予以综述。

The progress of MRI research on autoimmune encephalitis

Autoimmune encephalitis(AE) is a group of inflammatory encephalopathy caused by anti-neuronal antibodies. Inflammatory processes can occur in the limbic system and many other brain regions. On conventional MRI, it demonstrates hyperintensity on T₂WI and T₂-FLAIR, and limited diffusion on DWI, but some AE can be negative. Data of advanced MRI technology, including structural and functional MRI, can be analyzed with voxel-based morphological analysis (VBM), surface-based morphological analysis (SBM), diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), resting-state functional connectivity (FC), low frequency amplitude (ALFF), brain network, and tasking-state functional MRI (fMRI), to study the changes of brain structures and functions from multiple perspectives, which is helpful for exploring the potential neuropathological mechanism of AE. In this paper, the conventional MRI manifestations and advanced MRI research progress of AE were reviewed.