高功率毫米波急性照射致小鼠肺损伤研究

目的 探讨高功率毫米波持续急性照射导致小鼠死亡情况下肺组织的变化情况,旨在为揭示毫米波损伤机制提供参考资料。方法 将小鼠缚于木质平板,置于工作频率为34.1 GHz、平均输出功率分别为5、10和12 W,照射距离分别为10和20 mm的高功率毫米波照射源正下方,持续照射至小鼠死亡。取肺, 0.9%的生理盐水快速漂洗后,放入10%的甲醛溶液中固定,石蜡包埋、组织切片、HE染色、CCD照相后,采用IPP图像分析软件,利用整合平均光密度和面积比的显微图像定量分析方法分析肺部的病理变化特征。结果 在HA23.16和HA9.92型号角锥喇叭天线照射下,较高平均功率12W连续照射可导致动物最快于110 s左右死亡;而较低功率(平均5 W)连续照射,则可在30 min内导致动物死亡。受照后死亡的动物肺部均见明显出血现象;但不同毫米波照射参数条件下,肺部出血程度不同。其中,当平均功率为10和12 W时,小鼠肺部出血程度最严重,且肺部支气管和血管有明显的破裂现象,支气管可见巨噬细胞。而当平均功率为5 W时,肺部出血程度明显减轻,且支气管和血管无严重的破裂现象。结论 高功率毫米波急性照射可导致小鼠肺部出血等损伤,肺组织损伤程度与毫米波照射功率呈显著正相关。由于高功率毫米波可导致明显热效应,推测急性、快速热效应所致小鼠肺损伤可能是动物致死的重要原因。

Pathological changes of acute lung injury in mice acute irradiated with high power millimeter wave

Objective To investigate the effect of acute irradiation by high power millimeter wave on the pathological changes of mouse lung tissue. Methods The BALB/c mice were vertically placed under the high power millimeter wave equipment with working frequency of 34.1 GHz, and the mean output power were 5, 10 and 12 W while the distance between the animal and the bottom of the irradiation horn were 10 mm and 20 mm, respectively. The mice were tied on the platform and continuously received irradiation until death. After immediate dissection, the mouse lung was quickly rinsed with 0.9% NaCl solution, fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution and mounted for paraffin section. After HE staining and image taken with a CCD camera, the Image Pro Plus software and quantitative image analysis by combining the mean optical density and area was used to determine the pathological injuries of the lung. Result Using the HA23.16 and HA9.92 pyramid horns with different physical parameter,the mice exposed to irradiation with high mean power of 12 W were dead most quickly, the death time was only about 110 s. Meanwhile, the death time was about 30 min after irradiation with the mean power of 5 W. There was significant hemorrhage in the mouse lung with high power millimeter irradiation, although the hemorrhage degree was different under different irradiation parameters. When the mean power were 10 and 12 W,the hemorrhage degree of lung was extremely high, where the bronchia and blood vessel of lung was markedly broken. A lot of cells of bronchia had been released. However, when the mean power was 5 W, the hemorrhage degree of lung was less observed, while the bronchia and blood vessels had not severe fracture. Conclusions High power millimeter wave wave irradiation has remarkable effect on mice lung. The damage degree of lung tissue is highly correlated with the mean power of millimeter wave irradiation. As the high power millimeter used in this study could result in significant thermal effect, the acute heat-induced response might lead to animal death by causing serious lung injury.