Fulminant type 1 diabetes: Focusing on triggering factors |
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| Authors: | Junlin Qiu Wenfeng Yin Rui Wang Shuoming Luo Zhiguang Zhou |
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| Affiliation: | 1. National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Key Laboratory of Diabetes Immunology (Central South University), Ministry of Education;2. Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China |
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| Abstract: | Fulminant type 1 diabetes (FT1D) is a novel type of type 1 diabetes that is caused by extremely rapid destruction of the pancreatic β cells. Early diagnosis or prediction of FT1D is critical for the prevention or timely treatment of diabetes ketoacidosis, which can be life-threatening. Understanding its triggers or promoting factors plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of FT1D. In this review, we summarised the various triggering factors of FT1D, including susceptibility genes, immunological factors (cellular and humoural immunity), immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies, drug reactions with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms or drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, pregnancy, viral infections, and vaccine inoculation. This review provides the basis for future research into the pathogenetic mechanisms that regulate FT1D development and progression to further improve the prognosis and clinical management of patients with FT1D. |
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| Keywords: | allele autoantibodies epidemiology FT1D genetics HLA |
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