新型登革热传播媒介监测诱蚊诱卵器开发应用研究

探索1种更适合社区使用的伊蚊密度监测新型容器。

2022年8月在上海市闵行区进行第一轮试验，采用人诱法选择 1个绿化面积较大的白纹伊蚊密度较高的小区作为试验场所，根据容器的材质、颜色、孔洞的大小、形状、位置、顶盖颜色等进行随机点位布放65只新的试验容器，连续观察7 d并记录蚊、卵的诱捕结果。2022年9月进行第二轮试验，制作最佳容器后，将140只新型容器与140只传统容器进行对比实验。采用SPSS 22.5软件进行统计分析。

预实验的3类容器布放的第4天（D4）和第7天（D7）诱蚊诱卵的效果有明显变化。一类容器中200 mL杯身上设3个圆形孔洞的容器诱蚊诱卵效果最好，诱蚊/卵阳性率为45.5%（5/11）、其他杯型诱蚊/卵阳性率为12.0%（6/50），两者差异有统计学意义（χ²=45.443，P<0.001）。二类容器显示圆型和椭圆形孔洞诱蚊效果较好为55.6%（5/9）。三类容器提示悬挂式抗风能力强，3个圆形孔洞的诱蚊效果最佳为66.7%（2/3），且容器壁不宜使用毛糙材质，因易造成蚊逃逸。结合3种容器，应制作顶端透明、侧边上方1/3设为黑色且开3个圆洞的新型容器。在排除人为因素的情况下新型容器的有效回收率较传统容器高，诱蚊诱卵效果与传统容器相当（χ²_D4=0.197，P=0.658；χ²_D7=0.125，P=0.724），且具有防雨防风防侧翻的优势。

新型诱蚊诱卵器可以提高容器有效率、整体回收率、密度精准性，值得进一步探索和研究。

Development and application of a new type of mosq-ovitrap for the dengue fever vector surveillance

To develop a new mosquito trap and evaluate its effectiveness in Aedes albopictus monitoring in an urban community.The first-round field test was conducted in a well-greened residential neighborhood with high Aedes albopictus density calculatedby human landing catch in August 2022， in Minhang District， Shanghai. 65 new test containers with different designs were randomly deployed in the field. These trap containers were designed by different material， color， hole size， shape and top cover colors. The results of mosquito and its egg trapping were observed and recorded continuously for 7 days. In September 2022， the second round of experiment was conducted. After comparison， an optimized trap container was designed. 140 new trap containers were compared with 140 traditional ones to evaluate the effectiveness. SPSS 22.5 software was used for statistical analysis.There were significant changes in the outcome of mosquito and its egg trapping on the 4th and 7th day of the pre-experiment deployment of the three kinds of containers. The 200 ml container cup with three round holes in the body had the best effect on trapping mosquitos and eggs， with a positive rate of 45.5% （5/11）， while other type of contrainer cup only had a positive rate of 12% （6/50） in trapping mosquitos and eggs. Statistical significant differences （χ² =45.443，P <0.001） existed between the two tpyes of cups within the first kind of trapping container. The second kind of trapping container showed round and oval holes had better effect on mosquito trapping， with a positive rate of 55.6% （5/9）. The third kind of hanging container can resist strong wind. The best mosquito trapping effect of three round holes was 66.7% （2/3）. The container wall should not be made of rough material， which was easy to cause the escape of adult mosquitoes. Combined with the three types of containers， the new contariner should be top transparent， and the top 1/3 of the side should paint black with 3 round holes. The effective recovery rate of the new container was higher than that of the traditional one under the exclusion of human factors， and had the advantage of preventing rain， wind and rollover， but the effect of trapping mosquito and its egg was comparable to the traditional one（χ²_D4=0.197，P=0.658； χ²_D7=0.125，P=0.724）.This new type of mosquito trap is worth further exploration and research， which can improve the trapping efficiency， overall recovery rate and the accurate confirmation of the mosquito density.