儿童心脏移植的治疗进展与展望

儿童心脏移植是合并难以通过常规手术或药物进行治疗的顽固性心力衰竭儿童患者的标准治疗方式。目前，全球儿童心脏移植的开展愈发广泛，但国内的开展经验仍较为缺乏。近10年来儿童心脏移植已经取得了长足发展：一方面，儿童心脏移植手术例数逐年升高；另一方面，为解决儿童心脏移植供心缺乏等问题，ABO血型不相容心脏移植、应用儿童心室辅助装置、体质量不匹配移植等治疗策略被广泛应用。然而，国内儿童心脏移植开展经验十分有限，尤其在儿童心脏移植适应证把握、特殊儿童心脏移植策略应用等方面。本文对儿童心脏移植的发展历史、治疗策略进展及预后等做一综述。

Progress and prospect of heart transplantation in children

Pediatric heart transplantation is the standard treatment for children complicated with refractory heart failure which is difficult to be treated by conventional surgery or drugs. At present, an increasing quantity of pediatric heart transplantation is being performed worldwide, whereas relevant experience is still lacking in China. In recent 10 years, significant progress has been achieved in pediatric heart transplantation. On one hand, the number of pediatric heart transplantation has been increased year by year. On the other hand, ABO-incompatible heart transplantation, application of ventricular assist device in children, and recipient-donor weight mismatch transplantation have been widely employed to resolve the shortage of donor heart in pediatric heart transplantation. However, relevant experience of pediatric heart transplantation is lacking in China, especially in understanding the indications of pediatric heart transplantation and the application of specific strategies for pediatric heart transplantation, etc. In this article, the development history, advances in therapeutic strategy and clinical prognosis of pediatric heart transplantation were reviewed.