放射性核素与载体以及放射性滑膜切除术

目的:介绍放射性核素、载体的选择以及放射性滑膜切除术的适应证、禁忌证、并发症以及临床应用中的注意事项,为放射性滑膜切除术的临床应用提供一定的参考。资料来源:应用医学文献王软件在PubMed上检索所有字段中包含“radiation suynovectomy”或“radiosynovectomy”的文章,不设置其他限制,检索到277篇文章题录。资料选择:对检索到的文章进行初审。通过阅读所有文章的文题和大部分文章的摘要,选择内容与放射性核素、载体和滑膜切除密切相关的文章,在相关数据库上查找全文。主要以Science Direct和OVID两个数据库为主。资料提炼:经过初审得到58篇文章,排除重复性研究,同一领域的文章选择近期发表或权威杂志的文章。共41篇文章纳入分析。资料综合:放射性核素目前研究的热点:一是载体的选择,硅酸盐、枸橼酸盐、草酸盐、大颗粒氢氧化铁、羟磷灰石、聚乳酸、硫胶体、中心体等广泛被用作载体。良好的载体能够控制放射性药物的剂量和稳定性,减少核素从关节中的泄漏。二是包含核素和载体的放射性药物。理想的用于放射性滑膜切除术的药物应具备以下条件:①核素较小可以被细胞吞噬。但也不能太小,否则在被吞噬之前易从关节中泄漏。通常认为核素合适的大小应该是2～10μm。②在放射治疗的全程中放射性核素和载体的结合是不可逆的,这种结合由放射性核素的物理半衰期决定。③放射性标记的颗粒应该能够均匀分布于关节中,并且不促使炎症的发生。④载体的半衰期应长于所结合的核素的半衰期。载体应可以生物降解,以便在治疗后能够被机体清除。⑤稳定性好,成本低也是其重要特性。三是许多临床实验均已证明放射性化膜切除术是治疗多种慢性关节炎的有效方法。结论:正确选择放射性药物、合理选择适应证、规范操作,放射性滑膜切除术是类风湿性关节炎,血友病性关节炎,绒毛结节性色素滑膜炎等多种关节疾病安全、低成本的有效治疗方法。

Radionucide and vehicle as well as radiation synovectomy

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the selections of radionucide and vehicle and the indications, contraindications, complications and cautions of radiation synovectomy in clinical applications; meanwhile, to provide valuable references for clinical application of radiation synovectomy.DATA SOURCES: Of 277 articles which have the word "radiation synovectomy" or "radiosynovectomy" were searched out from PubMed database without limitations.STUDY SELECTION: All the titles and most abstracts of the articles were reviewed. A total of 58 articles were selected by the standard of having close relations with radionucide, vehicle and radiation synovectomy. Then the full texts were searched in other available databases, especially in "OVID" and "ScienceDirect".DATA EXTRACTION: The last articles and articles published in authority journals were chosen for further read, and 41 articles were obtained.DATA SYNTHESIS: Recently, the hot topic of radionucide is detailed as follows: Firstly, selection of vehicle. Till now, silicate, citrate, Ca oxalate, ferric hydroxide macroaggregate (FHMA), hydroxyapatite (HA), polylactic acid (PLA), sulfur colloids, microspheres, etc. Have been the most widely used vehicles. The usage of a good vehicle is to control the size and stability of the radiopharmaceutical, and decrease its leakage from the joint. Secondly, it should contain radiopharmaceuticals of nuclein and vehicle. An ideal radiolabeled radiopharmaceutical for radiation synovectomy should meet the following requirements: ① it should be sufficiently small to be phagocytized, but not so small that it might leak from the joint before being phagocytized, the appropriate size range is usually considered to be from 2 to 10 μm; ② the binding between the radionuclide and the vehicle should be irreversible throughout the course of the radiotherapy, which, in turn, is determined by the physical half-life of the radionuclide; ③ the radiolabeled particles should be distributed homogeneously in the joint without initiating an inflammatory response; ④ the half-life of the vehicle should be longer than that of the nuclide it combines,and the vehicle should be biodegradable, so that it can be eliminated out of the body after therapy; ⑤ good stability and low cost are also very important features. Thirdly, Radiation synovectomy is an effective method to treat chronic arthritis.CONCLUSION: With careful nuclide and indication selection and correct operation, radiation synovectomy is a clinically useful, safe, and cost-effective outpatient procedure in the treatment for many kinds of joint disease.