北京工农人群膳食胆固醇摄入水平和食物来源的变化趋势

目的了解北京工农人群膳食胆固醇摄入水平、食物来源及其变化趋势。方法分别于1983～1984年、1993～1994年和1998年在北京工农人群进行连续3d24h回顾法进行膳食调查,三次分别调查35～59岁研究对象483、587、203人。结果80年代初到90年代末,北京工农人群膳食胆固醇的摄入量均呈上升趋势,与1983～1984年相比,1998年工人人群胆固醇平均摄入量增加53%,达到379.9mg/d,农民人群平均增加42%,达到246.6mg/d。蛋类和肉类是胆固醇最主要的食物来源,增加的胆固醇摄入量也主要来源于蛋类和肉类,内脏类食物对胆固醇摄入的增加也有较重要的影响。结论从80年代初到90年代末,北京工农人群膳食胆固醇摄入量明显增加。应适当控制蛋类的摄入量,并合理选择其他动物性食物的种类和数量,以减少膳食胆固醇的摄入水平,使居民膳食结构趋向合理。

THE TRENDS OF DIETARY CHOLESTEROL INTAKE AND ITS FOOD SOURCES AMONG WORKERS AND FARMERS IN BEIJING

Objective To learn the status and trend of dietary cholesterol intake and its food sources among workers and farmers in Beijing.Method Dietary data of workers and farmers aged 35-59 in Beijing were obtained with 24-hr recalls over 3 consecutive days in 1983-1984,1993-1994 and 1998.A total of 483,587 and 203 participants were surveyed in each of the three surveys respectively.Results From the early 1980 s to the late 1990s,dietary cholesterol significantly increased(P<0.01)among farmers and workers in Beijing.Compared with cholesterol intake in 1983-1984,it was increased by 53%(up to 379.9 mg/d)and 42%(up to 246.6 mg/d)in 1998 for workers and farmers respectively.Dietary cholesterol and its increase were mainly from eggs and meats.Viscera accounted for important portion of increased dietary cholesterol intake.Conclusion From the early 1 980s to the late 1990 S,the dietary cholesterol intake significantly increased among workers and farmers in Beijing.The amount of eggs intake should be limited moderately and the other animal products,either the kinds or the amount,should be selected carefully to reduce cholesterol intake for rational dietary pattern.